Losartan (K)

Losartan (K) belongs to a new classs of nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Losartan (K) is potent and specific competitive antagonist of angiotensin AT1 receptors. itthe first orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist. The blood pressure lowering efficacy of losartan is similar to that of of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) eg. Enalapril, but treatment with losartan is associated with a lower incidence of adverse effects.


Adult Dose
Dose: 50 to 100 mg
Single Dose: 75 (75)
Frequency: 24 hourly
Route: PO
Instructions: Initial dose may be reduced to 25 mg in salt depleted patients and patients with moderate to severe renal impairment.
Neonatal
Dose:
Single Dose:
Frequency:
Route:
Instructions: Not recommended in this age group
Paedriatic
Dose:
Single Dose:
Frequency:
Route:
Instructions: Not recommended in this age group
Characteristics
Losartan is the derivative of Losartan (K). It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Imidazole. It belongs to Antihypertensive Agents pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Losartan (K) is 461.00. Its pKa is 4.1.
Contraindications
Losartan (K) is contraindicated in conditions like Hyperaldoesteronism,Renal artery stenosis,Hypersensitivity,Pregnancy.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Losartan (K), which give rise to further complications include Hypotension, Hypotension, Rhabdomyolysis.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Losartan (K) include Bradycardia, Hypotension, Tachycardia.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Losartan (K) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Dizziness, Headache, Fatigue, Nausea, Diarrhea, Myalgia, Abdominal pain, Urticaria, Dyspepsia, Hypotension, Dry cough, Backache, Angioedema, Muscle pain, dizziness, dyspepsia, Rash.
Indications
Losartan (K) is primarily indicated in conditions like Congestive heart failure, Diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Myocardial infarction, Primary ovarian cancer, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy, Hypertension, including patients with left ventricular dystrophy.
Interactions
Losartan (K) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAldesleukinEnhanced hypotensive effect when aldesleukin given with Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists (e.g losartan)AlprostadilEnhanced hypotensive effects when alprostadil given with Losartan (Angiotensin-II receptor antagonist).DiazoxideEnhanced hypotensive effect when Diazoxide given with Losartan.FluconazoleFluconazole increases the plasma concentration of losartan but decreases its active metabolite by inhibiting CYP450 2C9, an isoenzyme that convert losartan to its metabolite.ModerateClosely monitor for blood pressure whenever start, discontinue or change the dose of fluconazole. Itroconazole, ketoconazole and terbinafine are considered more safer alternatives of fluconazole and eprosartan is considered more safer alternative of losartan.IndomethacinIndomethacin alters the antihypertensive effects of losartan by inhibiting synthesis of renal prostaglandins results in unopposed pressor activity producing hypertension.ModerateClosely monitor the patient for changed antihypertensive response whenever therapy with indomethacin starts, stopped or modified.LithiumLosartan increases the plasma level of lithium by inhibiting secretion of aldosterone result in increased toxicity.ModerateClosely monitor the patient for lithium toxicity. These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Rise in the Plasma Renin ActivityIncreased Serum Potassium Level
Risks
Drug should not be given to Paediatrics, Pregnant Mothers, patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction, patients suffering from Liver Malfunction, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Tab Store Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight and Heat.
Warnings
Losartan K should be used with caution in patients with any pre-existing kidney or liver disease, congestive heart failure (CHF), diabetes or any allergy, especially drug allergy. Get up slowly, to avoid dizziness and lightheadedness when rising from a seated or lying position. Also limit intake of alcoholic beverages because it may aggravate these effects. It should be used with caution while performing tasks requiring alertness because it may causes dizziness. Caution is advised when this drug is used in the elderly. This can cause harm to a fetus, so it is not recommended for use during pregnancy or lactation.
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