Neomycin

Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. The aminoglycosides are the compound containing characteristic amino sugars joined to a hexose nucleus in glycoside linkage Neomycin (Sulphate) is derived from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. Although bioavailability after oral administration is poor, neomycin is administered orally in patients with hepatic coma or portal-systemic encephalopathy. Neomycin (Sulphate) is most often used topically as an antiinfective. Neomycin is not indicated for the treatment of systemic infections because it can cause irreversible ototoxicity. Neomycin was approved by the FDA in 1952. Neomycin is bactericidal in action. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through irreversible binding to the 30 S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria. Neomycin is actively transported into the bacterial cell where it binds to receptors present on the 30 S ribosomal subunit. This binding interferes with the initiation complex between the messenger RNA (mRNA) and the subunit. As a result, abnormal, nonfunctional proteins are formed due to misreading of the bacterial DNA. Eventually, susceptible bacteria die because of the lack of functional protein.


Brands
PROBETA-N PROBETA-N POLYTROL POLYGYNAX HEALIT CLOBEDERM-NN BETADERM-NM BETADERM-N BETADERM-N BETADERM-N BETADERM-N NEWCIN MORUPAR NEOTRACIN MAXITROL DROPS OCTAPLAS-NN OCTAPLAS-NN MAXITROL OINTMENT SYNALAR-N SYNALAR-N FML-NEO XYLOAID XYLOAID ELIMYCIN NEO CORT NEO CORT EPODEX-N NEOSUL BACIMIX BACIMIX CORTIDERM-NN BACIMIX-P OTOSPORIN BETNESOL-N BETNESOL-N CORTISPORIN DERMOVATE-NN BETNOVATE-N BETNOVATE-N BETNOVATE-N BETNOVATE-N BETNOVATE-N BETNOVATE-N BETNOVATE-N KENACOMB KENACOMB KENACOMB KENACOMB CICATRIN CICATRIN METHOLON-N DICON-N SALINOSE DEXAMIN-N DEXAMIN-N NEOMYCIN BETACIN-N BETACIN-N BETACIN-N BETACIN-N CICADRIL BETACIN PLUS BETACIN PLUS BETACIN PLUS BETACIN PLUS BIOSEPTIC TERGYNAN ANTIBIOPTAL DORICUM BETATEK-N TRICIN TRICIN EYFEM-N NOVOTRACIN NEOMYCIN KANADEX-N NOVOVATE-N NOVOVATE-N NOVOVATE-N NOVOVATE-N MEDITROL BIVALEK ULTICOMB ULTICOMB CLOSTECIN BETACORT-N BETACORT-N BETACORT-N BETACORT-N PRIMOVATE NN PRIMOVATE NN CITRALIN MYCITRACIN PLUS REKABSON-N PLIDAXAN NEOMYCIN XECOMB SANTIROL NEOMYCIN FLOGOCID FLOGOCID FLOGOCID FLOGOCID SEMOVET-N NEOCIN BETONIL-N BETONIL-N ZIRITH ZIRITH ZIRITH ZIRITH NEOMYCIN TRAMACIN DEXA N ORBETAM-N ORBETAM-N ORBETAM-N ORBATROL ORBATROL VIO BET N VIO BET N VIO BET N VIO BET N BETNOCIN N BETNOCIN N BETNOCIN BETNOCIN TOP-GEL PLUS BENASOL N NEOMYCIN BESOL-N DROP NEODEX BUFAC BUFAC LAVENDA ZOMADEX-N BETASOL N BETASOL N BETADROP-N BETADROP-N STERIBIOL POLYDEX OPTADEX-N POLYSPORE-HC POLYSPORE-HC BIOPRED FLOROM-N BETAVAL-N BETAVAL-N BETAVAL-N BETAVAL-N BETAVAL-N OCUTROL NEOMYCIN ETNESOL N NEOMYCIN ERODEX-N TASOMYCIN NEOBETA NEOBETA PRIMADEX N KENIDEX-N CARPILLA CLOBET NN CENOVATE-N CENOVATE-N CENOVATE-N CENOVATE-N CENOVATE-N OPHTH-NEODEX SONATE N SONATE N FLACET N PLUS BECNOT BECNOT POLDEC BEVA-N BEVA-N DERMOLONE NEMOZIN BETASONE N BETASONE N BETAREX-N DANSTATIN-NN NEOSKIN BETHAZONE-N SOVEX ZOVEX PLANODERM NEOGRAY METHADEX N CARA-MAC CARA-MAC EPHADEX N NEOPHARM NATABON DERMALAR-N BIOZON BIOZON BIOZONE N BIOZONE N BIOZONE N BIOZONE N ISMYCIN SKIN BEONE PLUS
Adult Dose
Dose: 4 to 12 g
Single Dose: 8 (8)
Frequency: 24 hourly
Route: PO
Instructions: For 5-6 days. Frequency may be increased upto 4 times if needed.
Neonatal
Dose: 0.50%
Single Dose: 0.5 (0.5)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Topical
Instructions: As required
Paedriatic
Dose: 250 to 0 mg
Single Dose: 120 (125)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: 2 or 3 days before surgery for children 6 to 12 years.
Instructions:
Characteristics
Neomycin (Sulphate) is the derivative of Neomycin. It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Aminoglycosides. It belongs to Antibacterial (Proetin synthesis inhibitor) pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action. The Molecular Weight of Neomycin is 711.70.
Contraindications
Neomycin is contraindicated in conditions like Allergy,Myasthenia gravis,Parkinsonism,Intestinal obstruction,Perforation of eardrum,Renal impairment.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Neomycin, which give rise to further complications include Urticaria, Angioneurotic edema, Ototoxicity, Blood dyscrasias, blood dyscrasias.Neomycin produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Anaphylactic shock, Renal failure, Skeletal muscle paralysis, Superinfection. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Neomycin therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Neomycin include Permanent deafness.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Neomycin are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Vertigo, Headache, Diarrhea, Tinnitus, Pruritus, Lethargy, Skin rash, Contact dermatitis, Pyuria, Steatorrhea, Azotemia, Cylindruria, Contact dermatitis.
Indications
Neomycin is primarily indicated in conditions like Decontamination of digestive tract, Hepatic coma, Hepatic encephalopathy, Pre-operative bowel sterilization, Sepsis, Skin infections, Superficial infections, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Acute bacterial enteritis, Bladder infections, Hypercholesterolaemia, Wounds management.
Interactions
Neomycin is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAcarboseAtracurium (Besylate)Coadministartoin results in severe respiratory depression by decreasing the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction by interfering with calcium influx.MajorCoadministration must be avoided. Vital signs should closely monitored and dose adjustment is necessary.CyanocobalaminNeomycin reduce GI absorptionCyanocobalaminDigoxinNeomycin may reduce absorption of digoxin.ModerateGive digoxin 8 hours before agent or use solution or liquid-filled capsule form of digoxin.DoxacuriumBoth drugs are neuromuscular blocking agents, so, their coadministration results in severe or prolonged respiratory depression MajorClosely monitor for vital signs.Adjust the dose of drug accordingly.Ventilatory support should be readily available in case of repiratory depression.FluorouracilGentamicinRespiratory paralysis and renal dysfunction risk is increased if this combination is used.MajorThis combination should be avoided.GestodeneHydroxocobalaminLactitol MonohydrateMecobalaminNeomycin and other drugs e.g biguanides, para-aminosalicylic acid, potassium supplements, cholestyramine, ethanol and anticonvulsant drugs impair cobalamin absorption.MethotrexateNeomycin decreases the GI absorption of methotrexate result in reduced efficacy of methotrexate.ModerateClosely monitor the altered efficacy and safety of methotrexate. Use intravenous route of administration for methotrexate to avoid interaction.Pancuronium (Br)Phenoxymethylpenicillin (K)Pyridostigmine (Br)Retinol (Vitamin A)Neomycin decrease absorption of RetinolRetinol (Vitamin A)SorafenibTubocurarine (Cl) Warfarin (Na) These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Urinary Analysis Of Aminoacid
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Oint, Cream Store Below 40°C. Do not Freeze.
Warnings
Neomycin should be used with caution in patients who are sensitive to aminoglycosides, renal disease or renal impairment, patients with dehydration and in elderly patients. Patient with pre-existing tinnitus, vertigo or subclinical high frequency hearing impairrment should be closely monitored for sign of ototoxicity during therapy with neomycin. Take appropriate measures in case of secondary infections. Parenteral use of neomycin or its use for irrigation of wound or serouse cartities is no longer recommended.
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