Atropine (Sulphate)

Atropine is a parasympatholytic derivative of belladona plants (e.g., deadly nightshade). Chemically Atropine (Sulphate) is identified as 1aH, 5aH-Tropan-3a-ol (+/-)-tropate (ester) sulfate. Atropine (Sulphate) is a cholinergic antagonist. It relaxes muscles in the eye causing the pupil to dilate. Atropine (Sulphate) is a both central and peripheral muscarinic blocking agent.Atropine (Sulphate) is used intravenously in the treatment of bradycardia and anticholinesterase poisoning. its most common adverse effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, glaucoma and retention of urine


Adult Dose
Dose: 0.5 to 1 mg
Single Dose: 0.75 (0.75)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: IM
Instructions: Over30-60 Minutes, As Required
Neonatal
Dose: 10 to 20 ug/kg
Single Dose: 15 (15)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Intramuscular
Instructions: Single dose
Paedriatic
Dose: 10 to 20 ug/kg
Single Dose: 15 (15)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Intra Muscular
Instructions: Single Dose
Characteristics
Atropine is the derivative of Atropine (Sulphate). It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Tropane Alkaloid. It belongs to Cholinergic muscarinic antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Gastrointestinal Anticholinergics/Antispasmodics and Antidiarrhoeals pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Atropine (Sulphate) is 694.80. It is weakly acidic drug, 8.85% solution of the drug is isotonic and Its pKa is 9.9.
Contraindications
Atropine (Sulphate) is contraindicated in conditions like Glucoma,Reflux oesophagitis,Prostatic hypertrophy,Unstable cardiac rhythm.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Atropine (Sulphate), which give rise to further complications include Hallucinations, Confusion, Drowsiness, Restlessness, Delirium, Disturbance of speech.Atropine (Sulphate) produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Tachycardia, Cardiac arrhythmia, Atrioventricular dissociation, Multiple ventricular ectopics. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Atropine (Sulphate) therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Atropine (Sulphate) include Flushing, Blurred vision, Constipation, Urinary hesitancy, Drowsiness, Dry mouth.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Atropine (Sulphate) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Thirst, Dry mouth, Mild blurring of vision.
Indications
Atropine (Sulphate) is primarily indicated in conditions like Anesthesia, Arrhythmias after myocardial infarction, As an antidote to organophosphorous (insecticides) poisoning, Asthma, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Choroiditis, Control of muscarinic side-effects of neostigmine, Diarrhoea, Drying secretions, Dysenteries, Intra-operative bradycardia, Iridocyclitis, Irritable colon syndrome, Myocardial infarction, Peptic ulcer, Poisoning, Pyloric disease, Tetanus.
Interactions
Atropine (Sulphate) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAntazolineIncreased risk of antimuscarinic side effects when antihistamines (e.g Antazoline) given with antimuscarinics (e.g Atropine).Azatadine (Maleate)Azelastine (HCl) Increased risk of antimuscarinic side-effects when antihistamines (e.g Azelastine) given with antimuscarinics (e.g Atropine).Benztropine (Mesylate)Concomitant use of two or more antimuscarinics can increase side-effects such as dry mouth, urine retention anf constipation. Concomitant use can also lead to confusion in the elderly. Brompheniramine (Maleate)Carbinoxamine (Maleate)Chlordiazepoxide (HCl)CinitaprideAnticholinergic agents like atropine, Scopolamine etc, may reduce the action of cinitapride.DiphenhydramineDiphenyl PyralineEtomidateGlyceryl TrinitrateHydroxyzineKaolinLabetalolMeclizineMeclozineMepyramineMetoclopramide (HCl)Obidoxime (Cl)PerphenazinePhenylpropanolamine (HCl)PhysostigminePralidoximePrazepamTrimethobenzamide (HCl)Zopiclone These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Screening Test for the Presence of Barbiturate in Serum
Risks
Drug should not be given to Paediatrics, Geriatrics, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Eye Drops, Eye Oint Store Below 40°C. Do not Freeze. Inj Store Below 40°C. Do not Freeze. Tab Store in a well closed container, Below 40°C.
Warnings
Closely monitor patients for therapeutic response and side effects. Atropine should not used in high dose because may produce mental depression or mental distrubances. It should be used with caution in patients over 40 years because may increase the risk of glaucoma. It should be used with caution in patients with asthma, heart or renal diseases. It should be used with caution in infants and children.
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