Pyrazinamide

Pyrazinamide is antituberculosis agent. Pyrazinamide is the pyrazine analogue of nicotinamide. Pyrazinamide is stable and quite inexpensive. It may be bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal against Mycobacterium tuberculosis depending on the concentration of drug attained at the site of infection. Resistance to drug emerges rapidly when the drug is used alone. Therefore Pyrazinamide is always given in combination with other antituberculosis drug.


Adult Dose
Dose: 20 to 35 mg/ kg
Single Dose: 28 (27.5)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: PO
Instructions: Daily in 3-4 div.doses. Maximum dose: 3 g/24hr. Usually given during 1st 2 months of therapy.
Neonatal
Dose: 5 mg/kg
Single Dose: 5 (5)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: Oral
Instructions:
Paedriatic
Dose: 5 mg/kg
Single Dose: 5 (5)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: Oral
Instructions: For Paeds of All Ages
Characteristics
. It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Amidopyrazine. It belongs to Antimycobacterial agent pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antituberculous Drugs pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Pyrazinamide is 123.10. Its pKa is 0.5.
Contraindications
Pyrazinamide is contraindicated in conditions like Renal diseases,Hepatic disease.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Pyrazinamide, which give rise to further complications include Sideroblastic anemia, Precipitation of gout.Pyrazinamide produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Hepatitis, Hyperbilirubinemia. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Pyrazinamide therapy.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Pyrazinamide are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Anorexia, Fever, Malaise, Arthralgia, Nausea and vomiting.
Indications
Pyrazinamide is primarily indicated in conditions like Acute leukemia, Tuberculosis (with other anti-tuberculosis drugs), and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Tuberculosis.
Interactions
Pyrazinamide is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementIsoniazidProbenecidSulphinpyrazoneZidovudine These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Acetest Ketostix qualitative urine test for Ketones
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction, patients suffering from Liver Malfunction, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Tab Store Below 40°C. Protect from Moisture and Heat.
Warnings
Pyrazinamide should be used only if clearly needed during pregnancy or lactation. It should be used with caution in patients with any pre-existing kidney disease, liver disease, gout, diabetes or if have any allergy.
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