Promethazine (HCl)

Promethazine (HCl) is antihistimine, used in treatment of allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis and for prevention of allergic reactions to blood or plasma in patients with a known history of such reactions and also used for pre-operative and post-operative sedation. Promethazine (HCl) is also used as an antiemetic drug to prevent nausea and vomiting.


Adult Dose
Dose: 10 to 25 mg
Single Dose: 18 (17.5)
Frequency: 4 hourly
Route: PO.IV,IM
Instructions:
Neonatal
Dose: 0.312 to 0.625 mg/kg
Single Dose: 0.47 (0.4685)
Frequency: 12 hourly
Route: Oral
Instructions:
Paedriatic
Dose: 0.5 to 1 mg/kg
Single Dose: 0.75 (0.75)
Frequency: 12 hourly
Route: Oral
Instructions: -
Characteristics
. It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Phenothiazine. It belongs to H1-antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antiemetic/Antivertigo Agents pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Promethazine (HCl) is 320.90. Its pKa is 9.1.
Contraindications
Promethazine (HCl) is contraindicated in conditions like Epilepsy,Glucoma,Prostatic hypertrophy.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Promethazine (HCl), which give rise to further complications include Pheochromocytoma.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Promethazine (HCl) include Seizures, Blurred vision, Respiratory depression, Hallucinations, Delirium, Ataxia, CNS stimulation, Anxiety, Deep sleep, Akathisia, Hyperexcitability.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Promethazine (HCl) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Anxiety, Insomnia, Nervousness, Dry mouth, Blurred vision, Confusion, Sedation, CNS depression, Incoordination, CNS excitation.
Indications
Promethazine (HCl) is primarily indicated in conditions like Acceleration of myeloid recovery following bone marrow transplantation, Adjunct in ganciclovir treatment, Advanced ovarian cancer, All forms of epilepsy, Allergy, Anaphylactic reactions, Dermatologicals, Haemolytic disease of newborn, Insect bites, Insomnia, Metastatic germ cell cancers (seminoma and teratoma), Motion sickness, Myoclonus, Nausea, vertigo, labyrinthine disorders, NSAID associated ulceration, Parkinsonism, Prevention of hypokalaemia, Severe vomiting in pregnancy, Transcervical operative procedures in first trimester, Urticaria, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Epilepsy, Night sedation and insomnia, Pain, Severe nausea, vomiting (acute attacks).
Interactions
Promethazine (HCl) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAlcoholAminophyllineCarbenicillin (Na)ChloramphenicolChlorothiazideDextranEtomidateHeparin (Na) and Heparin (Cl)HydrocortisoneHydroxyzineIotroxate (Meglumine)Methohexitone (Na)OxymorphoneCentral nervous system- and/or respiratory-depressant effects may be additively or synergistically increased in patients taking multiple drugs that cause these effects, especially in elderly or debilitated patients.ModerateDuring concomitant use of these drugs, patients should be monitored for potentially excessive or prolonged CNS and respiratory depression. Ambulatory patients should be made aware of the possibility of additive CNS effects (e.g., drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, confusion) and counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. Patients should also be advised to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.ParegoricCentral nervous system- and/or respiratory-depressant effects may be additively or synergistically increased in patients taking multiple drugs that cause these effects, especially in elderly or debilitated patients.ModerateDuring concomitant use of these drugs, patients should be monitored for potentially excessive or prolonged CNS and respiratory depression. Ambulatory patients should be made aware of the possibility of additive CNS effects (e.g., drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, confusion) and counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. Patients should also be advised to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.Pethidine (HCl)Potassium ClorazepateEffects of Potassium Clorazepate may be potentiated by Promethazine (HCl).Pseudoephedrine (HCl)Thiopentone (Na)Thiopentone (Na) These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
It may interfere with immunological urinary pregnancy tests giving false positive results.
Risks
Drug should not be given to Geriatrics, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Inj, Elixir Store Below 40°C. Do not Freeze. Protect from Sunlight. Tab Store in a well closed container, Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight.
Warnings
Promethazine should be used with caution in bone marrow depression. Patients should observe caution while driving or performing other task requiring alertness because it may cause drowsiness. It should be used with caution in patients with urinary retention, history of bronchial asthma, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular or liver disease. It should be used with caution in person with acute or chronic respiratory impairment, especially in children. Do not give S/C because irritation or lesion may occur.
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