Prednisolone and Prednisone

Prednisone is the most commonly-prescribed oral corticosteroid. Chemically Prednisolone and Prednisone is 11β, 17, 21-trihydroxypregna-1, 4-diene-3, 20-dione. The drug is metabolized in the liver to its active form, prednisolone. Relative to hydrocortisone, prednisone is roughly 4 times as potent as a glucocorticoid. Prednisolone and Prednisone is intermediate between hydrocortisone and dexamethasone in duration of action. Prednisone is used in many conditions, including allograft rejection, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, and many other inflammatory states. It has very little mineralocorticoid activity, so Prednisolone and Prednisone is not used in the management of adrenal insufficiency unless a more potent mineralocorticoid is administered concomitantly.


Adult Dose
Dose: 5 to 60 mg
Single Dose: 32 (32.5)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: PO,IM
Instructions: In divided doses.
Neonatal
Dose: Shoul be avoided under 1 year
Single Dose:
Frequency:
Route:
Instructions:
Paedriatic
Dose: 125 to 300 ug/kg
Single Dose: 210 (212.5)
Frequency: 8 hourly
Route: Intra Muscular
Instructions:
Characteristics
Prednisolone and Prednisone also known as Delthydrocortisone, Delthydrocortisone. . It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Steroid. It belongs to Glucocorticoid agonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Corticosteroid Opthalmic pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Prednisolone and Prednisone is 360.40. Its pKa is not ionizable.
Contraindications
Prednisolone and Prednisone is contraindicated in conditions like Diabetes mellitus,Peptic ulcer,Psychosis,Osteoporosis,Infections.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Prednisolone and Prednisone, which give rise to further complications include Glaucoma, Peptic ulceration, Myopathy, Osteoporosis, Growth retardation, Aseptic bone necrosis, Ocular hypertension, Subcapsular cataract, Pancreatic disturbance, Oedema, Moon face.Prednisolone and Prednisone produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Adrenal Insufficiency. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Prednisolone and Prednisone therapy.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Prednisolone and Prednisone are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Nausea, Vomiting, Insomnia, Nervousness, Nocturia, Increased appetite, Obesity, Euphoria, nervousness, sodium retention.
Indications
Prednisolone and Prednisone is primarily indicated in conditions like Adrenal insufficiency, Asthma, Blood malignancies, Connective tissue diseases, Liver diseases, Ocular diseases, Renal diseases, Respiratory disease, Suppression of inflammatory and allergic disorders.
Interactions
Prednisolone and Prednisone is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAluminium Hydroxide and Oxide Aluminium Hydroxide and Oxide impair absorption of prednisolone and prednisoneAmobarbitalAmlodipine accelerates the metabolism of Prednisolone (reduced effects).Calcium GluconateCarbamazepineCarbimazoleCholera VaccineCyclosporin Acylosporin decrease metabolism of prednisolone and prednisoneFrusemide or FurosemideIsoniazidisoniazid impair absorption of prednisolone and prednisoneKetoconazoleketoconazole impair metabolism and renal clearance of prednisolone and prednisoneMagnesium Oxides and HydroxidesMelphalanMelphalan decrease bioavalibitly of prednisolone and prednisoneMethimazolemethimazole enhance metabolism of prednisolone and prednisoneMometasone (Furoate)Such combination should not be used with out informing doctors.MontelukastConcomitant use of montelukast with prednisone/prednisolone may results in peripheral edema.NicorandilThere may be an increased risk of ulceration or bleeding in the stomach or intestines if corticosteroids such as prednisolone are taken in combination with this Nicorandil.Phenytoin (Na)Phenytoin (Na)phenyton increase clearance of prednisolone and prednisone by enhancing metabolismPrimidoneQuinestrolEstrogens may enhance the systemic effects of both endogenous and exogenous corticosteroids.Patients treated concomitantly with an estrogen-containing drug may require lower dosages of corticosteroids or adrenocorticotropic agents.RifampicinRifampicin accelerate metabolism of prednisolone and prednisoneRitonavirSermorelinConcomitant Prednisolone and Prednisone therapy may inhibit the response to Sermorelin. Sodium PicosulphateShould not be use concurrently without doctors prescription.Yellow Fever Vaccine These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Measurement of Plasma Cortisol Glucose Tolerance Test
Risks
Drug should not be given to Paediatrics, Pregnant Mothers, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Tab Store Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight and Moisture.
Warnings
Prednisolone should be used with caution in patients with active tuberculosis infection of respiratory tract or in untreated fungal, bacterial or systemic viral infections. Corticosteroids should only be used systemically with great caution in the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF), recent myocardial infraction (MI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, glaucoma, hypothyroidism, liver failure, osteoporosis, peptic ulceration or renal impairment. Children may be at increase risk of some adverse effects, corticosteroid causes growth retardation and prolonged use is rarely justified. Passive immunization is recommended to non-immune patients who do come in contact with chickenpox or measles. Live vaccine should not be given to patients receiving high dose systemic corticosteroid therapy nor for atleast 3months afterwards, killed vaccine or toxoids may be given, although the response may be attenuated. During prolong treatment with corticosteroids, patients should be examined regularly, sodium intake may need to be reduced and calcium and potassium supplement may be necessary. Patient should carry cards given full details of their corticosteroid therapy. Avoid use during pregnancy. Use nasal steroids with caution until healing has occurred.
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