Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate)

Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) is a cholinomimetic tertiary amine alkaloid, obtained from the leaves of the plants of the genus Pilocarpus having predominantly muscarinic effects. its actions are similar to those of methacholine. Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) is used topically to produce miosis and transient rise and persistant fall in intra-ocular pressure;used in the treatment of glaucoma. Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) is also used to stimulate saliva production in xerstomia (dry mouth) after radiotherapy.

Brands
PILOCAR PILOCAR PILOCAR PILOCAR MEDICARPINE MEDICARPINE SPERSACARPINE ORBACARPINE OPTA CARPINE OPTA CARPINE
Adult Dose
Dose: 1 to 2 %
Single Dose: 1.5 (1.5)
Frequency: 8 hourly
Route: Ophthalmic
Instructions: -
Neonatal
Dose: 1 to 2 %
Single Dose: 1.5 (1.5)
Frequency: 8 hourly
Route: Opthalmic
Instructions: -
Paedriatic
Dose: 1 to 2 %
Single Dose: 1.5 (1.5)
Frequency: 8 hourly
Route: Opthalmic
Instructions: -
Characteristics
. It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Alkaloid. It belongs to Cholinergic muscarinic antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Opthalmic Products and Antiglaucoma pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) is 208.30. It is weakly acidic drug, 4.08% solution of the drug is isotonic and Its pKa is 1.6, 1.7.
Contraindications
Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) is contraindicated in conditions like Inflammation.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate), which give rise to further complications include Retinal detachment, Malignant glaucoma, Eustachian tube disturbances, Middle ear disturbances.Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Pulmonary edema, Bronchospasm. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) include Bronchospasm, Diarrhea, Sweating, Abdominal pain, Abdominal cramps, Pallor, Nausea & vomiting, Lacrimation, Salivation, Urination, Cyanosis.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Visual disorders, Blurred vision, Conjunctival irritation, Follicular conjunctivitis, Myopia, Lacrimal passage stenosis.
Indications
Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) is primarily indicated in conditions like Accomodative esotropia, Glucoma.
Interactions
Pilocarpine (HCl, Nitrate) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementHomatropine (HBr) These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Risks
Drug should not be given to Paediatrics, Pregnant Mothers, Geriatrics, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Eye Drops Store Below 40°C.
Warnings
'Pilocarpine should be used with caution in patients with other eye problems, asthma, intestinal disease, ulcers, low or high blood pressure, heart disease, hyperthyroidism, seizures or Parkinson''s disease. Before having surgery with a general anesthetic, tell the doctor or dentist about the use of the drug. Do not allow any one else to use this medication. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.'
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