Ampicillin

Almost 70 years ago, Alexander Fleming reported his discovery of penicillin in 1929. Chain, Flory and their associates succeeded in producing significant quantities of the first penicillins from the cultures of Penicillium notatum in 1940. Ten years later virtually unlimited quantities of penicillin G were available for clinical use. Penicillin is derived directly or indirectly from strains of fungi of the genus Penicillium and other soil inhibiting fungi grown on special culture media. Penicillins are active against most bacteria especially gram positive pathogen (streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci), some negative starins (gonococci, meningoccocci), some spirochetes and some fugi. The structure of penicillin consists of a thiazolidine ring connected to a β lactam ring, which is attached to a side chain. Ampicillin is a semisynthetic pencillin derived from the basic penicillin nucleus 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Ampicillin is a bactericidal penicillin and effective against a variety of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect.it inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) This is achieved by taking the drug at regular intervals of time throughout the day and night as prescribed. Ampicillin is important to take the drug for the full time period as prescribed. If you discontinue the drug it may result in ineffective treatment. Ampicillin is effective against typhoid fever.


Brands
ARPICILLIN ARPICILLIN EUROLOX EUROLOX EUROLOX EUROLOX EUROLOX ANGLOCIN ANGLOCIN ANGLOCIN ANGLOCIN ANGLOCIN ANGLOCILLIN ANGLOCILLIN ANGLOCILLIN ANGLOCILLIN EUROCILLIN EUROCILLIN EUROCILLIN EUROCILLIN EUROCILLIN ADACLOX ADACLOX ADACLOX ADACLOX ADACLOX ADACLOX ADACLOX ADACLOX ADACILLIN ADACILLIN ADACILLIN ADACILLIN DICILLIN DICILLIN DICILLIN DICILLIN DICILLIN AMPIN AMPIN AMPIN AMBAC AMBAC AMPLUS AMPLUS BIOCILLIN BIOCILLIN BIOCILLIN BIOCILLIN BIOCILLIN BIOCILLIN BIOCILLIN DOSACLOX DOSACLOX DOSACLOX DOSACLOX DOSACLOX DOSACLX AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN AMPICIN COMBICAP AMPICAP AMPICAP AMPICAP AMPI PLUS AMPI PLUS AMPI PLUS PROCIL PROCIL PROCIL PROCIL PROCIL PROCIL CAMCLOX CAMCLOX CAMCLOX CAMCLOX ZENOXIL ZENOXIL ZENOXIL ZENOXIL ZENOXIL ZENOXIL ZENOXIL ZENOXIL AMPILITE AMPILITE AMPILITE AMPILITE AMPILITE PENZA PENZA PENZA DEBECT DEBECT DEBECT DEBECT EPOCLOX EPOCLOX EPOCLOX EPOCLOX EPOCLOX EPOCILLIN EPOCILLIN EPOCILLIN EPOCILLIN EPOCILLIN EPOCILLIN EPOCILLIN EPOCILLIN EPOCILLIN FEDRACLOX FEDRACLOX FEDRACLOX FEDRACLOX FEDRACLOX FEDRACLOX FEDRACLOX FEDRACLOX FEDRACLOX FEDRAPEN FEDRAPEN FEDRAPEN FEDRAPEN FEDRAPEN FEDRAPEN FEDRAPEN FEDRAPEN FEDRAPEN FEDRAPEN CLOXAPEN CLOXAPEN CLOXAPEN CLOXAPEN AMPICIL AMPICIL PENBRITIN PENBRITIN PENBRITIN PENBRITIN PENBRITIN PENBRITIN PENBRITIN PENBRITIN PENBRITIN AMPICLOX AMPICLOX AMPICLOX AMPICLOX AMPICLOX AMPICLOX AMPICLOX AMPICLOX AMPICLOX AMPICLOX GCILIN GCILIN SULBAMOX BIOCLOX BIOCLOX BIOCLOX BIOCLOX BIOCLOX ROVEN AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN ULTRA PEN AMCOPEN PEXOPEN PEXOPEN PEXOPEN PEXOPEN PEXOPEN PEXOPEN PEXOPEN JACLOX JACLOX JACLOX JACLOX JACLOX AMPIPEED AMPICAP AMPICAP AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN HICLOX HICLOX HIZOPEN MAXICLOX MAXICLOX MAXICLOX MAXICLOX MAXICLOX MAXICLOX MAXICLOX MAC-CILLIN MAC-CILLIN MAC-CILLIN MAC-CILLIN MAC-CILLIN LINCLOX LINCLOX LINCLOX PENCIN PENCIN PENCIN NOVOCLOX NOVOCILLIN NOVOCILLIN NOVOCILLIN NOVOCILLIN STANDACILLIN STANDACILLIN STANDACILLIN STANDACILLIN STANDACILLIN M-CLOX NEONATAL DROPS AMPLOX APOCLOX APOCLOX APOCLOX AMPLIPEN AMPLIPEN AMPLIPEN AMPLIPEN AMPLIPEN AMPILIN AMPILIN UNASYN UNASYN UNASYN UNASYN UNASYN OMNIPEN OMNIPEN OMNIPEN OMNIPEN OMNIPEN-N OMNIPEN-N JUVACILLIN RAMCLOX RAMCLOX RAMCLOX RAMCLOX RAMCLOX PLIVACLOX AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN PENCIT PENCIT SEMOCLOX SEMOCLOX AMPILLIN CLOXCIN CLOXCIN CLOXCIN CLOXCIN EMPICIL EMPICIL EMPICIL MEGACLOX MEGACLOX MEGACLOX MEGACLOX AMPICILLIN WILCLOX WILCLOX WILCLOX WILCLOX WILCLOX AMPIWIL AMPIWIL AMPIWIL AMPIWIL ZAMPILOX ZAMPILOX ZAMPILOX ZAMPILOX ZAMPILOX ZAMPILOX ZAMPICILLIN ZAMPICILLIN ZAMPICILLIN ZAMPICILLIN ZAMPICILLIN ZAMPICILLIN ZAMPOX ZAMPOX ZAMPOX EXACTIN EXACTIN EXACTIN EXACTIN AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN ANCLOX ANCLOX AMICIL AMICIL ZYNCILLIN ZYNCILLIN CILLICLOX CILLICLOX CILLICLOX AMPITAM ELKOBIOTIC ELKOBIOTIC ELKACILLIN ELKACILLIN ELKACILLIN MAZACLOX MAZACLOX MAZACLOX MAZACLOX AMPIMAZ AMPIMAZ AMPIMAZ AMPIMAZ AMPIMAZ AMPIMAZ AMPIMAZ AMPIMAZ AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN AMPICLOXACILLIN AMPICLOXACILLIN MB-CLOX MB-CLOX MB-CLOX MB-CILLIN MB-CILLIN AMBILIN PENCICLOX PENCICLOX PENCICLOX PENCIPEN PENCIPEN PENCIPEN PENCIPEN POLYCLOX POLYCLOX POLYCLOX POLYCILLIN POLYCILLIN POLYCILLIN POLYCILLIN OCECLOX OCECLOX OCECLOX OCELIN OCELIN OCELIN OCELIN ARCILIN KEMICILLIN KEMYCILLIN ROSACLOX ROSACLOX IMCOCIN FORTE IMCOCIN IMCOCIN SHIFLOX AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN AMPICILLIN AMPCIGEN AMPCIGEN AMPCIGEN AMPCIGEN AMPCIGEN AMPCIGEN BIOCEENA BIOCEENA BIOCEENA BIOCEENA AMPICEENA AMPICEENA AMPICEENA AMPICEENA M-CIL COLPEN COLPEN COLPEN SILPEN SILPEN SILPEN SILPEN SILPEN PECLOX PECLOX CILEN CILEN CILEN
Adult Dose
Dose: 500 to 1000 mg
Single Dose: 750 (750)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: IV,IM
Instructions: Maximum dose: 12 g
Neonatal
Dose: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg
Single Dose: 19 (18.75)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: Intramuscular
Instructions:
Paedriatic
Dose: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg
Single Dose: 19 (18.75)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: Intra Muscular
Instructions: -
Characteristics
Ampicillin also known as Aminobenzyl Penicilline, Aminobenzyl Penicilline. Ampicillin Sodium is the derivative of Ampicillin. It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Penicillanic Acid. It belongs to Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibiotics pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Ampicillin is 349.40. It is weakly alkaline drug, 5.78% solution of the drug is isotonic and Its pKa is 2.66, 7.24.
Contraindications
Ampicillin is contraindicated in conditions like Lymphoma,Glandular fever,Hypersensitivity.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Ampicillin, which give rise to further complications include Urticaria, Eosinophilia, Leucopenia, Neutropenia, Seizures, Agranulocytosis, Hemolysis.Ampicillin produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Anaphylactoid reactions. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Ampicillin therapy.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Ampicillin are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Dizziness, Headache, Anorexia, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Maculopapular rash, Gastritis, Elevation of liver enzymes, Nausea and vomiting, Anemia, Interstitial nephritis, Bullous rash.
Indications
Ampicillin is primarily indicated in conditions like Bacterial infections, Biliary tract infections, Bronchitis, Cellulitis, Endocarditis, Enterocolitis, Gonorrhoea, Listeriosis, Lower respiratory tract infections, Meningitis, Metastatic colorectal cancer, Muscle relaxation (long duration) for surgery and intubation, Muscle relaxation (short duration) for surgery, Osteomyelitis, Otitis media, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Pharyngitis, Pyelonephritis, Septicaemia, Sinusitis, Tonsillitis, Upper respiratory tract infections, Urethritis, Urinary tract infection, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Haemophilus influenzae infections, Inflammatory bowel disease, Inflammatory bowel disease (unlicensed use), Uncomplicated community acquired pneumonia.
Interactions
Ampicillin is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAllopurinolIncreased risk of rash when allopurinol given with ampicillin.ArbekacinBacampicillinChloramphenicolChloroquineDicloxacillin (Na)Distigmine (Br)Edrophonium (Cl)EthinyloestradiolGestodeneIchthammolMecillinamMestranolNorgestimatePantoprazolePantoprazole may decrease the effectiveness of ampicillin.ProbenecidProbenicid reduces the excretion of Ampicillin (increased plasma concentration). Procaine PenicillinProtamine (Sulphate)Protamine sulfate has been shown to be incompatible with Ampicillin.Tetracycline (HCl)Warfarin (Na)Common experience in anticoaggulant clinics is that INR (International Normalized Ratio) can be altered by a course of broad-spectrum penicillins such as ampicillin. These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Automated bromocresol green method for estimating serum albumin Electrophoresis of urine for amino acids Fluorescent tests for plasma catecholamine Cephalin Flocculation Test Clinistix and Diastix tests for urinary Glucose
Risks
Drug should not be given to patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Inj (reconstituted soln) Store at room temperature. Use within 1 hr if kept at room temperature. Oral Susp (reconstituted soln) Store in refrigerator. Do not Freeze. Use within 2 weeks if kept at room temperature. Syrup, Caps Store in a well closed container, Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight and Moisture.
Warnings
Ampicillin should be used with caution in patients with any other illness or any allergy especially to penicillin or other antibiotics. This medication should be used only if clearly needed during pregnancy or lactation.
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