Norfloxacin

'Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, structurally related to nalidixic acid. Due to it''s relatively poor oral bioavailability, its clinical use is limited to the treatment of urinary tract infections and uncomplicated gonorrhea. Norfloxacin is also approved for use as an ophthalmic solution for bacterial conjunctivitis. It has the shortest half-life of all currently available fluoroquinolones. It was initially approved for systemic use by the FDA in October 1986. Norfloxacin is bactericidal via its effects on DNA gyrase, an enzyme responsible for counteracting the excessive supercoiling of DNA during replication or transcription. Although human cells do not contain DNA gyrase, they do contain a topoisomerase enzyme that functions in the same manner. This mammalian enzyme is not affected by bactericidal concentrations of quinolones. Norfloxacin is unclear how inhibition of DNA gyrase leads to bacterial cell death. Both rapid and slow growing organisms are inhibited by fluoroquinolones.'


Adult Dose
Dose: 0.30%
Single Dose: 0.3 (0.3)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: Ophthalmic
Instructions:
Neonatal
Dose: Not used in children
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Frequency:
Route:
Instructions:
Paedriatic
Dose: Not indicated in peads
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Frequency:
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Instructions:
Characteristics
. It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Fluoroquinolone. It belongs to DNA Gyrase inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibiotic, Quinolone pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Norfloxacin is 319.30. It is strongly acidic drug and Its pKa is 6.2-6.4, 8.7- 8.9.
Contraindications
Norfloxacin is contraindicated in conditions like Epilepsy,Hypersensitivity.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Norfloxacin, which give rise to further complications include Hepatitis, Hemolytic anemia, Hemolytic anemia, Seizures, Exfoliative dermatitis, Interstitial nephritis, Hemolytic anemia.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Norfloxacin include Crystalluria, Drowsiness, Acute renal failure, GI disturbances.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Norfloxacin are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Fever, Constipation, Insomnia, Dry mouth, Rashes, GI symptoms, Depression, Arthralgia, Heart burn, Crystalluria, Tendinitis, Dry mouth.
Indications
Norfloxacin is primarily indicated in conditions like Bacterial enteric infections, Carvicitis, Cervicitits, Chronic prostatitis, Chronic relapsing UTIS, Gonorrhoea, Urethritis, Urinary tract infection, UTI, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Eye infections.
Interactions
Norfloxacin is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAluminium Hydroxide and OxideCaffeineCyclosporin AProbenecidTheophyllineVORICONAZOLEAdditive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongationConsider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongationWarfarin (Na)Zinc Sulphate These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Risks
Drug should not be given to Paediatrics, Pregnant Mothers, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Tab, Eye Soln Store Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight, Moisture and Heat.
Warnings
Norfloxacin should be used only if clearly needed during pregnancy or lactation. It should be used with caution in patients with eye problems or allergies, especially to any antibiotics.
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