Nicotine

'Nicotine is a CNS stimulant and one of the few naturaly occuring liquid alkaloid, obtained from the tobacco plant (Nicotiana spp.). it''s pharmacological actions are complex and include effects on both the central and peripheral nervous system. Nicotine is classified as a stimulant of autonomic ganglia, although it possesses both stimulant and depressant actions. Nicotine is the active ingredient and addictive component in tobacco smoke. Addiction is physiological and psycological and many smokers find it difficult to stop, even when they have illnesses which are made worse by smoking. It may be administered during the withdrawal period in the form of transdermal patches or chewing gum. its inherent toxicity has been used in the control of insects.'

Brands
CORAMIN-G
Adult Dose
Dose: 0.028 to 0.057 mg/kg
Single Dose: 0.042 (0.0425)
Frequency: 24 hourly
Route: Buccal
Instructions: -
Neonatal
Dose:
Single Dose:
Frequency:
Route:
Instructions: Not recommended in this age group
Paedriatic
Dose:
Single Dose:
Frequency:
Route:
Instructions: Not recommended in this age group
Characteristics
. It is of Natural origin and belongs to Alkaloid. It belongs to Cholinergic nicotinic agonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antidotes pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Nicotine is 162.20. Its pKa is 3.2, 8.0.
Contraindications
Nicotine is contraindicated in conditions like Peptic ulcer,Gastritis.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Nicotine, which give rise to further complications include Hyperglycemia, Increased blood lactate, Hypoinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia.Nicotine produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Cardiac arrhythmias. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Nicotine therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Nicotine include Epileptic seizures, Sweating, Respiratory arrest, Tremor, Hyperpnea, Circulatory collapse, Muscular spasm.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Nicotine are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Vomiting, Palpitation, Abdominal pain, SweatingX, Hypotension, Tremor, Faintness, Salivation, Paresthesias, Pallor, Coolness of extremities, faintness, Hypotension.
Indications
Nicotine is primarily indicated in conditions like Smoking cessation, Tobacco withdrawal.
Interactions
Nicotine is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementInsulinEspecially inform your doctor if you are using this combination.Papaverine (HCl)PropoxypheneEspecially inform your doctor if you are using this combination.TheophyllineEspecially inform your doctor if you are using this combination. These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Frings TLC Methods for measuring Urinary Alkaloid
Risks
Drug should not be given to Paediatrics, Pregnant Mothers, Cardiac / Hypertensive Patients, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Patch, Nasal Spray, Gum Store Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight and Moisture.
Warnings
Nicotine should be used with caution in patients with history of heart disease, high blood pressure, cerebrovascular disease, endocrine disorders including hyperthyroidism and insulin-dependent diabetes, peptic ulcer, impaired liver or kidney function. Skin patches should not be used on broken skin. This is not recommended for use during pregnancy or lactation.
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