Naloxone (HCl)

Naloxone (HCl) is a semisynthetic opiate-receptor antagonist. Naloxone (HCl) is the n-allyl derivative of oxymorphone. Classically, Naloxone (HCl) is used to reverse the clinical effects of opiate analgesics, besides treatment of opiate overdose, it has been used to reverse the effects of ethanol and benzodiazepines, to reverse hypotension associated with spinal injury, to improve neurologic recovery after ischemic stroke, and to treat hypercapnic COPD, although response in these conditions is not as dramatic or predictable as when reversing the effects of opiates. Naloxone was approved by the FDA in 1971. Naloxone antagonizes both the toxic and clinical effects of opiates. Thus, not only are respiratory depression, hypotension, and sedation reversed, but so is analgesia. Clinicians should use discretion when considering administering naloxone to patients who are sedated from opiates but do not exhibit respiratory depression. Reversal of analgesia is undesirable in patients known to be in severe pain. It should not be used for drowsiness unless opiate-induced respiratory depression coexists.

Brands
NEOCANE ATHIOL NALOX NALOXONE HCL NALOXONE HCL OZONE
Adult Dose
Dose: 0.4 to 2 mg
Single Dose: 1.2 (1.2)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: IV,IM,SC
Instructions: Every 2 to 3 minutes
Neonatal
Dose: 5 to 10 ug/kg
Single Dose: 7.5 (7.5)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Intramuscular
Instructions: Repeat according to response
Paedriatic
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Single Dose: 10 (10)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Initial dose
Instructions:
Characteristics
Naloxone (HCl) also known as N-Allylnoroxymorphine. . It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Thebaine. It belongs to OPIATE antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antidotes pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Naloxone (HCl) is 399.90. It is weakly acidic drug, 8.07% solution of the drug is isotonic and Its pKa is 7.9.
Contraindications
Naloxone (HCl)
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Naloxone (HCl), which give rise to further complications include Hypertension.Naloxone (HCl) produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Ventricular fibrillation, Pulmonary edema, Ventricular arrhythmias. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Naloxone (HCl) therapy.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Naloxone (HCl) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Nausea and vomiting.
Indications
Naloxone (HCl) is primarily indicated in conditions like Cerebral infarction, CNS depression, Mental illness, Overdosage with opioids, Poisoning, Prohylaxis of stress ulceration, Reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression, Spinal cord trauma, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Opioid dependence, Pain, Shock.
Interactions
Naloxone (HCl) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAlcoholBuprenorphine (HCl)Clonidine (HCl)Dextromoramide (Tartrate)Dihydrocodeine (Tartrate)Dipipanone (HCl)EnfluraneLevorphanolMethadoneNalbuphine (HCl)OxymorphoneThis warning does not apply to the naloxone component in oral pentazocine/naloxone tablets. Naloxone injection is an antagonist that will reverse the actions of opiates. This reversal can occur when the opiate drug is being used clinically and when it is being abused. Physically dependent patients may experience withdrawal symptoms. Abrupt postoperative opioid reversal has resulted in hypotension, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrest, encephalopathy, and death. MajorPatients receiving naloxone injection should be monitored for changes in vital signs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, aches, fever, runny nose, sneezing, nervousness, irritability, shivering, abdominal cramps.Pentazocine These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction, and patients suffering from Liver Malfunction.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Inj Store Below 40°C. Do not Freeze. Protect from Sunlight.
Warnings
Naloxone should be used only if clearly needed during pregnancy or lactation. It should be used with caution in patients with any pre-existing heart disease, if taking any type of pain reliever for more than 2 weeks or any allergy.
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