Nalidixic Acid

Nalidixic Acid is antibacterial of quinolone group. It was introduced in 1963. Nalidixic Acid is non-fluorinated urinary antiseptic to which resistnce readily occurs. Nalidixic Acid is effective in uncomplicated urinary-tract infections. May cause gastro-intestinal symptoms and allergic reactions.May exacerbate epilepsy and respiratory depression.


Adult Dose
Dose: 1000 mg
Single Dose: 1000 (1000)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: PO
Instructions: For at least 7 days
Neonatal
Dose:
Single Dose:
Frequency:
Route:
Instructions: Not recommended in this age group
Paedriatic
Dose: 55 to 0 mg/kg
Single Dose: 28 (27.5)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: Oral
Instructions: For at least 7 days reducing there after to about 30mg/kg daily in 4 divided doses.
Characteristics
Nalidixic Acid also known as Nalidixinic Acid. . It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Quinolone. It belongs to DNA Gyrase inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibiotic, Quinolone pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Nalidixic Acid is 232.20. Its pKa is 6.7.
Contraindications
Nalidixic Acid is contraindicated in conditions like Epilepsy,Convulsions,Hypersensitivity.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Nalidixic Acid, which give rise to further complications include Thrombocytopenia, Cholestatic jaundice, Hemolytic anemia, Cholestatic jaundice, Hemolytic anemia, Photosensitivity, Eosinophilia, Eosinophilia, Leucopenia, Raised intracranial pressure, Hemolytic anemia, Arthralgia.Nalidixic Acid produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Anaphylaxis. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Nalidixic Acid therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Nalidixic Acid include Disorientation, Nausea, Drowsiness, Hallucinations, Ataxia, Hyperglycemia, Light headedness, Teichopsia, Hyperpnea, Glycosuria.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Nalidixic Acid are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Dizziness, Vertigo, Drowsiness, Nausea, Vomiting, Wakness, Urticaria, Pruritus, GI upset, Muscular weakness, dizziness.
Indications
Nalidixic Acid is primarily indicated in conditions like Bacterial infections, GI infections, Long-term treatment of healed gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, Muscle relaxation (long duration) for surgery and intubation, Urinary tract infection, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Shigellosis.
Interactions
Nalidixic Acid is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementChlorpromazine (HCl)MelphalanNitrofurantoinPerphenazineProbenecidSucralfateTetracycline (HCl) These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Fale +ve result with Glucose Estimation based on Copper Reduction for Glycosuria Estimation of 17-Ketosteroid False +ve result in Pisano Assay of Urinary Vanillylmandelic Acid
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Tab,Syrup Store in a well closed container, Below 40°C. Do not Freeze. Protect from Sunlight.
Warnings
Nalidixic acid should be used with caution in patients with any pre-existing kidney disease, liver disease, seizure disorder, nervous system disorder or any allergies especially allergies to antibiotics. It should be use with caution while driving or performing tasks requiring alertness, because it may cause dizziness or lightheadedness. Limit alcohol intake. Because this medication increases sensitivity to the sun, avoid prolonged sun exposure, wear protective clothing and use a sunscreen when outdoors. It should be used with caution during pregnancy or lactation.
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