Metronidazole

'Metronidazole is a synthetic antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent that belongs to the nitroimidazole class. Metronidazole is effective therapy against protozoa such as Trichomonas vaginalis, amebiasis, and giardiasis. In addition, Metronidazole is one of the most effective drugs available against anaerobic bacterial infections. Metronidazole is also useful in treating Crohn''s disease, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and rosacea. It initially was approved by the FDA in 1963 and is available in oral, parenteral, and topical formulations.Metronidazole is amebicidal, bactericidal, and trichomonicidal. Unionized Metronidazole is readily taken up by anaerobic organisms and cells. It acts selectively aganist anaerobic bacterias as only these bacteria are capabale to reduce it to its active form intracellularly. Reduced it then disrupts DNA''s helical structure, thereby inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis. This eventually results in bacterial cell death.'


Brands
MERIZOLE PECTAZONE M DIAZOL DIAZOL METROSOL DILOX-M FLAGYL PLUS FLAGYL FLAGYL FLAGYL FLAGYL GASTRIZOLE METRONIDAZOLE METRO ALMOGYL FURALOX FURALOX PROMET PROMET ANABACT ANABACT ANABACT ANAEZOLE TROZ FLAZOL AMBIZOLE PLUS AMBIZOLE METRONIDAZOLE S.METRA MD MD MD DANIZOL DANIZOL DARAGON DARAGON HELICURE AMEZOLE AMEZOLE AMEZOLE EPOZOLE EPOZOLE EPOZOLE EPOZOL INSTAGEN INSTAGEN METRONIDAZOLE FEDRAGYL FEDRAGYL ENTAMETOX ENTAMETOX ENTAMETOX AMECIDE AMECIDE AMECIDE DEPENDAL-M DEPENDAL-M MEZOLE DS MEZOLE DIMETRO ANAROB PROTOMET PROTOMET PROTOMET AMIBAZOL AMIBAZOL AMIBAZOL PROTOGYL PROTOGYL PROTOGYL TRIFURON-M TRIFURON-M METAZOLE METAZOLE MEROLINE MERONIDE MERONIDE MERONIDE MERONIDE MERONINE IODOMET IDEZOLE IDEZOLE IDEZOLE ZOLONIDE ZOLONIDE ZOLONIDE MEFUDOL PONEC METENZOLE METENZOLE METROZOLE SUSPENSION MEDILE LEMAZOLE ZOLINT ZOLINT ZAVAD ZAVAD ZAVAD MEDAZOLE MEDAZOLE MEDAZOLE GYNOGEL EFLARAN EFLARAN EFLARAN EFLARAN DYRID-P METRONIDAZOLE METROLOX METROLOX MYROGYL OPOZOL OPOZOL OPOZOL OPOZOL OPOZOL OBENDAZOLE METROXIN MEDIOLON MEDEL MZOLE MZOLE METRONIDAZOLE METRONIDAZOLE METRONIDAZOLE METRONIDAZOLE DIDOMET DIDOMET NAFARDOL ZOLONAF MEGAZOL MICROGIN MICROGIN MICOZOL FLEZOLE FLEZOLE FLEZOLE TAMIZOLE TAMIZOLE TAMIZOLE ELAZYL ELAZYL ELAZYL ELAZYL ELAZYL PENDOL-M PENDOL-M PENDOL-M TRIVIZOL PHAROGYL PHAROGYL PHAROGYL PHAROGYL DILOXAZOLE DUOMYCIN XL AMZOLE AMZOLE REKOZOL-DD REKOZOL GONAPAN-DF GONAPAN-DF RONIDA RAKAMIZOL RAKAMIZOL DS GRAMEX GRAMEX GRAMEX PLUS TRUZOLE TRUZOLE TRUZOLE NAROBE ANIZOL ZOLEN ZOLEN KLINT KLINT KLINT GELOMET GELOMET SAYDAZOL SAYDAZOL METODINE DF METODINE DF METODINE METODINE METROZINE METROZINE METROZINE METROZINE TRICHOZOLE TRICHOZOLE TRICHOZOLE METROZIL METROZIL METROZIL METICAL METICAL METICAL-V METNI V SEMODAZOL SEMODAZOL SEMODAZOL SEMODAZOL SEMODAZOL METROZOLE TABLET METROGYL METROGYL METROGYL METROGYL IDOGIL RIAM RIAM FURAMID METOMET METOZOLE TABROGYL DIAGYL DIAGYL PROTOXIL PROTOXIL PROTOXIL PROTOXIL DIAZOLE SHIRAZOLE SHIRAZOLE SHIRAZOLE SHIRAZOLE METRONIDAZOLE METRONIDAZOLE METRONIDAZOLE METRONIDAZOLE METRIDA METRIDA METRIDA METRIDA METRIDA METOKIN METOKIN METROLONE METROLONE METROLONE METROLONE METRO-VE METRO-VE METRO-VE METRO-VE METRO-VE METAZOL MENIDAZOLE MENIDAZOLE TRONIZOL ZYGEL BLOMOZOL ZONID ZONID ROSE F.M LOXON LOXON LOXON AMIZOLE AMIZOLE ROSACED FORTE ROSACED ROSACED DELZOLE PLUS DELZOLE PLUS DELZOLE DELZOLE DELZOLE ENCOGYLE METRONIDAZOLE METRON METRON MEDAZOLE INFUSION SPIZOLE SPIZOLE SPIZOLE ENBREL ENBREL ENBREL METRONIDAZOLE MB-ZOLE MB-ZOLE METRONIDAZOLE FLYZOL METASON METASON MEGODINE MEGODINE METRIC-F METRIC-F METRONIDAZOLE METRIC-DF METRIC-DF METRIC METRIC MATRIC OCEZOLE OCEZOLE OCEZOLE AMOROB METRONIDAZOLE AZOGYL GEOMET NIDAGYL NIDAGYL NIDAGYL NIDAGYL METRONIDAZOLE DESETAL DESETAL ORAZOL METRONIDAZOLE DILOMET DS DILOMET DS DILOMET NETROZOL NETROZOL NETROZOL NETROZOL SAPZOL DYSO-4 DYSO-4 DYSO-4 MENIZOLE MENIZOLE EROZOLE EROZOLE EROZOLE FORTE EROZOLE FORTE EROGYL FORTE EROGYL FORTE EROGYL F EROGYL DF EROGYL DF EROGYL DF ZADSTAK KEMYGYL KEMYGYL ENTIZOL ENTIZOL PLUS FERROGYL FERROGYL FERROGYL FERROGYL IMCOZOLE IMCODAL DIAR-DS AMOGYL PRODIS CANDIZOLE-M METROGEN METROGEN PRINCEZOLE CAYZOLE NAWAZOLE NAWAZOLE INTOBIX ZOGYL ZOGYL ZOGYL DILOXAMET DILOXAMET FLINT FLINT FLINT MUSLAX M-ZOL METROSCOT METROZEB METROZEB DILOMET INSTACARE LAGYN METOSHIN PROZYL PROZYL METROBAC NIDA-X LOMIZOLE TRONID F FYNIDAZOLE FYGYL DIZOLE MEROID-DS MEROID-D MEROID MEROID MEROID METRODIL METRODIL METRODIL RESGYL RESGYL RESGYL RESGYL RESGYL RESGYL DIZET DIZET DIZET REMOGYL ENTAMIZOLE ENTAMIZOLE ENTAMIZOLE ABOZOLE ABOZOLE METROX METROX OLIZOLE OLIZOLE G-ZOLE G-ZOLE NIZOLE GRANID GRANID GRANID MNTAZOLE MNTAZOLE MNTAZOLE METZOL METZOL METZOL METZOL NIDAMIDE MEDO MEDO METRODAN FLYMET FLYMET FLAGYNASE FLAGYNASE METROSOL I.V MURAZOL MURAZOL ALMENDAL ALMENDAL GASTRIZOL GASTRIZOL GASTRIZOLE SUS MACRONID NIDAMET NIDAMET LOMET LOMET DINOMET WEBNIZOLE DILOMET DS METROFIT DIPROTOP-MD DIPROTOP-MD METROSTAT METROSTAT PLUS STERIMET LEXAZOLE LEXAZOLE LEXAZOLE LEXAZOLE METGYL METGYL METGYL METGYL METROATE METROATE WINZOL FORTE WINZOL METZYL EKTAL EKTAL EKTAL HEDAZOLE HEDAZOLE SURMOUNT GEL SURMOUNT GEL METRODEX METRODEX METRODEX METLA NAFRADOL TRONID TRONID TRONID METZIL-DF NEOMETIN GENRYL MEXIGYL SALMET FLAGSUN FASDAZOL DYRONEX ASCOZOLE RAYGYL RAYGYL LARZAL ANATA ANZOLE INJECTION METROZID METROZID BAXAZOLE-D Z-METRO Z-METRO METROIN REVOMET TRIGYEL WABZOL SIMZEL
Adult Dose
Dose: 30 mg/kg
Single Dose: 30 (30)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: IV
Instructions:
Neonatal
Dose: 7.5 mg/kg
Single Dose: 7.5 (7.5)
Frequency: 8 hourly
Route: Iv Infusion
Instructions:
Paedriatic
Dose: 7.5 mg/kg
Single Dose: 7.5 (7.5)
Frequency: 8 hourly
Route: Intra Venous
Instructions: -
Characteristics
Metronidazole also known as 5-Nitroimidazole. . It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Nitroimidazole. It belongs to Antibiotic (Prokaryote DNA) pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Amebicides pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Metronidazole is 171.15. Its pKa is 2.62.
Contraindications
Metronidazole is contraindicated in conditions like Alcohol dependence,Blood dyscrasias,Neurosis,Hypersensitivity,Liver damage,Seizures.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Metronidazole, which give rise to further complications include Encephalopathy, Convulsions, Ataxia, Peripheral neuropathy, Neutropenia, Seizures, Depression, Headache, Dysarthria, Aseptic meningitis.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Metronidazole include Disorientation.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Metronidazole are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Weakness, Dizziness, Vertigo, Headache, Anorexia, Diarrhea, Palpitation, Insomnia, Dry mouth, Maculopapular rash, Rashes, Stomatitis, Urticaria, Pruritus, Dysuria, GI upset, Flushing, Phlebitis, Nausea and vomiting, Gynecomastia, Chest pain, Metallic taste, Paresthesias, Acute pancreatitis, Darkening of urine, Dry mouth, dizziness, Thrush, Weakness.
Indications
'Metronidazole is primarily indicated in conditions like Acute dental infections, Acute ulcerative gingivitis, Amoebiasis, Anaerobic bacterial infection, Anaerobic infections, Dysentery, Giardiasis, Lung cancer and pancreatic cancer, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Protozoa infection, Schizophrenia and other psychoses, Surgical prophylaxis, Treatment of locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer, Trichomoniasis, Urogenital trichomoniasis, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Amoebic liver abscess, Bacterial vaginosis, Cancer, Clostridium difficile colitis, Crohn''s disease, Dental infections, Helicobacter pylori infection.'
Interactions
Metronidazole is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAlcoholAlprazolamBusulphanCarbamazepineMetronidazole enhances the serum concentration of carbamazepine.ModerateDuring coadministration carbamazepine serum kevel and clinical effects should be closely monitored.Cimetidine (HCl)Cimetidine increases the serum concentration of metronidazole by inhibiting its hepatic metabolism.MinorDisulfiramCoadministration results in confusion and acute psychoses.ModerateMetronidazole should not be administered when using disulfiram.DisulfiramFluorouracilLithiumLithium toxicity occurs when lithium is used with metronidazole.NicoumalonePhenindionePhenytoin (Na)Metronidazole increases the serum concentration of phenytoin by inhibiting its metabolism. Also phentytoin increases elimination of metronidazole.ModerateSerum level of phenytoin should be closely monitor and dose of phenytoin should be adjusted accordingly.PodophyllumThe risk of peripheral neuropathy may be increased during concurrent use of two or more agents that are associated with this adverse effect. In some cases, the neuropathy may progress or become irreversible despite discontinuation of the medications.ModerateCaution is advised during concomitant use of agents with neurotoxic effects. Patients should be monitored closely for symptoms of neuropathy such as burning, tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands and feet. Since the development of peripheral neuropathy may be dose-related for many drugs, the recommended dosages should generally not be exceeded.RitonavirStavudineWarfarin (Na)Metronidazole increases the plasma concentration and thus hypoprothrombinemic effect of warfarin by inhibiting is metabolism, and hence increase prothrombin time of patients taking metronidazole.MajorFrequently checked INR and dose of warfarin should be adjusted accordingly. Patient should report any sign of bleeding to physician.Zalcitabine These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Aspartate Aminotransferase Assay
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, and patients suffering from Liver Malfunction.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Tab, Susp, Inj Store Below 30°C. Protect from Sunlight.
Warnings
Metronidazole should be used with caution in patients with any allergy. Avoid use during pregnancy or lactation. Avoid alcoholic beverages while taking this medication as severe stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, headache and flushing can occur.
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