Amikacin (Sulphate)

The antimicrobial agents or antibiotics develops during the last 60 years are among the most dramatic examples of the advances of science. The remarkably powerful and specific activity of antimicrobial drug is due to the their selectivity for highly specific targets that are either unique to micro-organism or much more important in them than in humans. Amikacin is a semi-synthetic derivative of kanamycin. It belongs to aminoglycoside antibiotic and Amikacin (Sulphate) is less toxic than parent drug, kanamycin. The aminoglycosides are the compound containing characteristic amino sugars joined to a hexose nucleus in glycoside linkage and their polarity accounts for their pharmakokinetic peoperties. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect. This is achieve by taking the medication at regular intervel of time throughout the day and night as prescribed. Amikacin (Sulphate) is important to take the drug for the full time period as prescribed. If you discontinue the therapy, it may result in ineffective treatment.


Adult Dose
Dose: 15 mg/kg
Single Dose: 15 (15)
Frequency: 12 hourly
Route: IV,IM
Instructions: Initial maximum dose: 1.5 g/24hr. After initial maximum dose monitor the level.
Neonatal
Dose: 7.5 mg/kg
Single Dose: 7.5 (7.5)
Frequency: 8 hourly
Route: Intramuscular
Instructions:
Paedriatic
Dose: 7.5 mg/kg
Single Dose: 7.5 (7.5)
Frequency: 12 hourly
Route: Intra Venous
Instructions: -
Characteristics
. It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Glucopyranosyl streptamine. It belongs to Antibacterial (Proetin synthesis inhibitor) pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action. The Molecular Weight of Amikacin (Sulphate) is 781.80. It is strongly acidic drug and Its pKa is 8.1.
Contraindications
Amikacin (Sulphate)
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Amikacin (Sulphate), which give rise to further complications include Nephrotoxicity, Neuromuscular blockage, Renal tubular acidosis.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Amikacin (Sulphate) include 8th nerve damage.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Amikacin (Sulphate) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Vertigo, Ataxia, Tinnitus, Sense of fulness in ears, Ototoxicity, Circumoral paresthesia, Pyuria, Proteinuria, Azotemia.
Indications
Amikacin (Sulphate) is primarily indicated in conditions like Burns, Cholangitis, Endometritis, Heart failure, Infectons in neutropenic patients, Meningitis, Mycobacterial infection, Neonatal infections, Peritonitis, Respiratory tract infections, Supraventricular arrhythmias (particularly atrial fibrillation), Urinary tract infection.
Interactions
Amikacin (Sulphate) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAmphotericin BIncreased risk of nephrotoxicity when amphotericin given with Amikacin (Sulphate).Close monitoring required.Cefotaximesynergestic effect for pseudomonas aeruginosaCephaloridineCisplatinClindamycinEthacrynic AcidFludarabineFrusemide or FurosemideFrusemide may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Amikacin . Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. ModerateMonitor for toxic effects of Amikacin if Furosemide is initiated or the dose is increased. This is probably of most concern if Furosemide is administered in high doses for extended periods of time.OxaliplatinYou should inform your doctor before using this combination.Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval.Pancuronium (Br)Amikacin possess the neuromuscular blocking activity, which is additive with pancuronium result in severe and prolonged respiratory depression.MajorClosely monitor the vital signs. Adjust dosage regimen accordingly. Ventilatory support should be readily available in case of respiratory arrest.Polymyxin B (Sulphate)Vancomycin (HCl) These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, Geriatrics, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Inj Store at room temperature, Between 15°C-25°C. Do not Freeze. Protect from Sunlight. Use within 2 years if kept at room temperature.
Warnings
Amikacin should be used with caution in patients with history of kidney diseases, vertigo, hearing loss, mysthenia gravis, parkinsonisms. Use with caution in patients who are sensitive to aminoglycosides. Keep patients well hydrated to prevent chemical irritation or nephrotoxic reactions. Take appropriate measures in case of secondary infections.
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