Amantadine (HCl)

Amantadine is antiviral drug. Amantadine is a synthetic tricyclic amine with a structure unrelated to that of any of the antimicrobial agents. It was accidently discovered that the antiviral drug, it effective in the treatment of influenza also has antiparkinsonism action but Amantadine is less efficacious than Levodopa.

Brands
PK MERZ VIROFRAL VIROFAL AMANTIN
Adult Dose
Dose: 100 mg
Single Dose: 100 (100)
Frequency: 24 hourly
Route: PO
Instructions: Dose and duration vary according to indication.
Neonatal
Paedriatic
Dose: 2.5 to 10 mg/kg
Single Dose: 6.2 (6.25)
Frequency: 12 hourly
Route: Oral
Instructions:
Characteristics
Amantadine Sulphate is the derivative of Amantadine (HCl). It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Tricyclo amine. It belongs to Antiviral Agents pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action. The Molecular Weight of Amantadine (HCl) is 187.70. It is weakly acidic drug, 2.95% solution of the drug is isotonic and Its pKa is 10.4.
Contraindications
Amantadine (HCl) is contraindicated in conditions like Epilepsy,G6pd deficiency,Renal impairment,Gastric ulceration.
Effects
Amantadine (HCl) produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Coma, Convulsions, CNS dysfunction, Suicidal ideation. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Amantadine (HCl) therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Amantadine (HCl) include Convulsions, Urinary retention, Dilated pupils, Ventricular arrhythmias, Toxic psychosis, Visual hallucination, Agressive behavior.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Amantadine (HCl) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Dizziness, Headache, Constipation, Insomnia, Light-headedness, Nervousness, Dry mouth, Urinary RetentionX, Urinary retention.
Indications
'Amantadine (HCl) is primarily indicated in conditions like Herpes zoster, Influenza, Influenza A, Influenza type a prophylaxis, Influenza type a treatment, Parkinsonism, Parkinson''s disease.'
Interactions
Amantadine (HCl) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementBelladonaIncreased risk of side effcets when antimuscarinics (e.g Belladona) given with Amantadine.Benzhexol (HCl)Ciclonium (Br)Cyclopentolate (HCl)Dicyclomine (HCl)Flavoxate (HCl)GlycopyrrolateHomatropine (HBr)HydrochlorothiazideHyoscyamineMemantineMethyldopaMethyldopa has extrapyramidal side effects.MetyrosineTheoretical potential for METIROSINE increasing the EXTRAPYRAMIDAL side effects of AMANTADINE. ModerateOxybutynin (HCl)PhenelzineProcyclidine (HCl)Propiverine HydrochlorideTaking two or more antimuscarinic drugs together can increase their side effects.QuinidineQuinineSelegiline (HCl)Tolterodine (Tartrate)TriamtereneTriamteren reduces the clearance of amantadine result in increase plasma level thus increase toxicity such as ataxia,confusion and agitation.Minordose of amantadine should be reduced or discontinue the drug if necessary.an alternative diuretic may be subtituted.TrimethoprimRenal clearance of amantadine is decrease by trimethoprim result in increase risk of mental confusion due to increase in serum amantadine levels. Minorpatient shoulb be monitor for side effects related to nervous system on coadministration this cobination.Tropicamide These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Caps Store in a well closed container, Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight and Moisture.
Warnings
Amantadine is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, patients with renal impairment should receive lower doses. Renal function should be monitored closely and the dose adjusted accordingly. The elderly require lower dosages, because delayed clearance of amantadine in the elderly can increase toxic effects. Peripheral edema and congestive heart failure can be precipitated by amantadine; patients at risk should be treated with caution. Amantadine can increase seizure activity in patients with a seizure disorder. Patients with a history of seizures should be monitored closely when amantadine is initiated. Patients with eczema should receive amantadine with caution. Recurrent eczema or rash can be aggravated during treatment. The psychotic effects may be dose-related, but patients with pre-existing psychoses should be treated with caution. Abrupt withdrawal of amantadine should be avoided in patients with Parkinsons disease since this may precipitate symptoms of increased rigidity, confusion, urinary retention, or bulbar palsy. Amantadine is classified as a pregnancy category C drug. Use during pregnancy should be avoided unless the potential benefits outweigh the possible risks to the fetus.
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