Ketamine (HCl)

Ketamine (HCl) non barbiturate, sedative hypnotic used parenterally to provide anaesthesia for short diagnostic and surgical procedures. Ketamine (HCl) is arylcyclohexalamine chemically related to phencyclidine (PCP). Ketamine is a fairly short-acting anaesthetic that provides a profound, rapid, dissociative anesthesia and a short recovery time. Ketamine (HCl) is a desirable agent in patients who are hypotensive. Ketamine (HCl) can be used concomitantly with a muscle relaxants without complication because Ketamine (HCl) does not provide muscle relaxation. Ketamine efficacy is offset by the frequent occurrence of dysphoria. Ketamine received FDA approval in 1970. Although the exact mechanism of action is not known, ketamine appears to be an agonist at CNS muscarinic acetylcholine-receptors and opiate-receptors.

Brands

KETLAR KETALITE KETALITE KETAROL KETASOL KETASOL CALYPSOL KITE KANOX KANOX KETAMINE KETAMAX KETACIL KETACIL KETACIL DEKAT KETAJIN KATROMIN CALYPEROL

Adult Dose

Dose: 450 to 1000 mg
Single Dose: 720 (725)
Frequency: 24 hourly
Route: IM
Instructions:

Neonatal

Paedriatic

Dose: 3 to 7 mg/kg
Single Dose: 5 (5)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Intra Muscular
Instructions: As Required

Characteristics

. It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Phenyl Cyclohexane. It belongs to N-methyl d-aspartate antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in General Anesthetics pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Ketamine (HCl) is 274.20. Its pKa is 7.5.

Contraindications

Ketamine (HCl) is contraindicated in conditions like Angina,Hypertension,Myocardial infarction,Psychiatric disease,Raised intracranial pressure,Eclampsia,Acne rosacea.

Effects

The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Ketamine (HCl), which give rise to further complications include Sinus tachycardia, Hallucinations, Hypotension, Hallucinations, Hypotension, Maculopapular rash, Hypertension, Sinus bradycardia, Respiratory depression, Laryngospasm.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Ketamine (HCl) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Nausea, Vomiting, Anorexia, Skin rashes, Diplopia, Nightmares, Psychomimetic reaction, Nystagmus, Delirium, Apnea, Pain at injection site, Skin rashes, Pain at injection site.

Indications

Ketamine (HCl) is primarily indicated in conditions like General anaesthesia, Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, Pre-procedure sedation.

Interactions

Ketamine (HCl) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAlcoholAminophyllineEnfluraneErgometrine (Maleate)EtherHalothaneHalothaneMemantineMidazolamPancuronium (Br)PropiomazineConcurrent use of ketamine, especially in high doses or when rapidly administered, with propiomazine may increase the risk of hypotension or respiratory depression.Thyroxine (Na)Vecuronium (Br)VORICONAZOLEVoriconazole may increase the serum concentration of ketamine by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

Interfrence

Risks

Drug should not be given to Cardiac / Hypertensive Patients.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.

Storage

IV Inj, IV Inf, IM Inj Store at room temperature, Below 30°C. Do not Freeze. Protect from Sunlight.

Warnings

Do not administer ketamine alone in case of surgery or diagnostic procedures of pharynx, larynx. Avoid use in patients with hypertension and history of cerebrovascular accident or increase intraocular pressure. It should be used with caution in patients with elevated CSF pressure. It should be used with caution in chronic alcoholic and acutely alcohol intoxicated patients. Do not drive, operate hazardous machinery for 24 hrs.or more after taking drug. It should be avoided in pateints prone to hallurinations & psychotic disorders.

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