Isoflurane

Isoflurane is inhalation anesthetic. Isoflurane is most recent halogenated anesthetic to be introduced into clinical practice. It was introduced into widespread clinical use in 1983. Chemically Isoflurane is 2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. Isoflurane is isomer of enflurane. Isoflurane is non flammable and non explosive. Isoflurane is a racemic mixture and prepared by chemical synthesis. Inhaled gases are the mainstay of anesthesia and are primarily used for the maintenance of anesthesia after administration of an intravenous agent. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly altered by changing the concentration of inhaled anesthetic. Most of the agents are rapidly eliminated from the body and donot cause post-operative respiratory depression.

Brands
FORANE ISOFLURANE FLURANE
Adult Dose
Dose: 0.2 to 0.5 %
Single Dose: 0.35 (0.35)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Inhalation
Instructions: Aa required
Neonatal
Paedriatic
Characteristics
. It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Enflurane. It belongs to General Anesthetics-Volatile pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in General Anesthetics pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Isoflurane is 184.50.
Contraindications
Isoflurane is contraindicated in conditions like Coronary artery disease,Suceptibility to malignant hyperthermia,Neurological procedures.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Isoflurane, which give rise to further complications include Hepatitis, Cardiovascular collapse.Isoflurane produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Respiratory depression, Myocardial infarction, Ischemic heart disease, Malignant hyperthermia. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Isoflurane therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Isoflurane include Depression of vital functions.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Isoflurane are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Nausea, Vomiting, Shivering.
Indications
Isoflurane is primarily indicated in conditions like Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia.
Interactions
Isoflurane is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAdrenalineAtracurium (Besylate)DoxapramMivacurium (Cl)Nitric OxideNitrous OxidePancuronium (Br)PropofolPropofolIsoflurane can be expected to increase the anesthetic or sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of Propofol Injectable Emulsion.Suxamethonium (Cl)Vecuronium (Br) These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Polarographic and Mass Spectrometric analysis of oxygen and Nitrogen.
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, Cardiac / Hypertensive Patients, Geriatrics, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Inhaler Store in a well closed container, at room temperature, Between 15°C-30°C. Protect from Sunlight and Heat.
Warnings
Avoid isoflurane in patients having susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Patients should observed caution while driving or performing other tasks requiring alertness, because may cause drowsiness. Patients with chronic disease such as diabetes or hypertension may require adjustment of their therapy before anaesthesia. Anesthetics should be given with caution in patients with cardiac, respiratory, renal or hepatic impairment. Avoid use during pregnancy. Isoflurane should be used with caution in patients with phaeochromocytoma or with raised intracranial pressure. Use of the isoflurane in the patient with myasthenia gravis can cause an increase in the muscular weakness due to the neuromuscular blocking effect of anesthetics.The drug should be used with caution during pregnancy and lactation.
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