Frusemide or Furosemide

Furosemide is an antihypertensive agent. Furosemide is a prototype drug of Loop Diuretics. Loop diuretics have much greater diuretic effects than thiazides. Furosemide is a sulfonamide derivative. It has a carboxyl group with a sulfamoyl moiety in the meta position. A halide or phenoxy substitution is present at carbon 4, and a substituted amino group is present at carbon 2 or 3. Furosemide is characterized by high efficacy and rapid onset of action. It increases the urination and decrease the amount of water retained in the body.


Adult Dose
Dose: 20 to 80 mg
Single Dose: 50 (50)
Frequency: 24 hourly
Route: PO
Instructions:
Neonatal
Dose: 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg
Single Dose: 1 (1)
Frequency: 24 hourly
Route: Intra Muscular
Instructions: -
Paedriatic
Dose: 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg
Single Dose: 1 (1)
Frequency: 24 hourly
Route: Intra Muscular
Instructions: -
Characteristics
belongs to Anthranilic Acid. It belongs to Na-K-Cl triple cotransport inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Diuretic Loop pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Frusemide or Furosemide is 330.70. Its pKa is 3.8.
Contraindications
Frusemide or Furosemide is contraindicated in conditions like Anuria,Hepatic coma,Sulfone allergy,Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Frusemide or Furosemide, which give rise to further complications include Photosensitivity, Skin rashes, Ototoxicity, Nephrocalcinosis, Hyponatremia, Urinary retention, Dizziness, Blurred vision, Hyponatremia, Urinary retention.Frusemide or Furosemide produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Hypokalemia, Cardiac arrhythmias, CHO intolerance, Hypomagnesemia, Hyperosmolar non-ketotic precoma, Hypokalemia, deafness, Hypocalcemic tetany, Ototoxicity, Hypochloremic alkalosis, Life threatening hyponatremia. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Frusemide or Furosemide therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Frusemide or Furosemide include Postural hypotension, Decreased GFR, Decreased intravascular volume, Sodium & fluid depletion.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Frusemide or Furosemide are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Drowsiness, Nausea, Restlessness, Skin rashes, Dry mouth, Hypotension, Muscle cramps, Exfoliative dermatitis, Dry mouth, Skin rashes, thrist.
Indications
Frusemide or Furosemide is primarily indicated in conditions like Congestive heart failure, Degradation of pancreatic enzyme suppliments, Edema, Heart failure, Hypertension, Long-term treatment of healed reflux oesophagitis, Oedema, Oliguria, Oliguria due to renal failure, Oliguria due to renal failure, Oliguria due to renal failure, Oliguria due to renal failure, Oliguria due to renal failure, Oliguria due to renal failure, Oliguria due to renal failure, Oliguria due to renal failure, Pulmonary edema, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, Hypercalcaemia, Raised intracranial pressure.
Interactions
Frusemide or Furosemide is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAliskirenAmikacin (Sulphate)Frusemide may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Amikacin . Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. ModerateMonitor for toxic effects of Amikacin if Furosemide is initiated or the dose is increased. This is probably of most concern if Furosemide is administered in high doses for extended periods of time.ArbekacinCaffeineCalcium GluconateCaptoprilFrusemide may enhance the hypotensive effect of captopril. Specifically, postural hypotension which can accompany captopril initiation. Frusemide may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of captopril.Moderate (Sequence important)Monitor for evidence of significant postural hypotension if Captopril is initiated (first dose) in patient already receiving Furosemide, especially if the patient has signs or symptoms of hypovolemia or hyponatremia. May consider ensuring the patient remains supine for 3 or more hours following the administration of the first dose of the Captopril. Monitor for signs or symptoms of renal dysfunction if these two agents are used concomitantly long-term. Consider a reduced dosage of either Furosemide or Captopril if serum creatinine increases during concomitant therapy.Carbamazepinewith carbamezapine fresemide causes hyponatraemia Cefaclor (Monohydrate)CefazolinCefotaximewhen cefotaxime combine with lasix or other diuretic have a risk of nephrotoxicity.Ceftizoxime (Na)CephaloridineCephalothin (Na)CephradineConcomitant administeration leads to nephrotoxicityChloral HydrateCisplatinFurosemide may enhance the ototoxic effect of Cisplatin.ModerateMonitor for evidence of ototoxicity during concomitant therapy with cisplatin and Furosemide.ClofibrateColestipol (HCl)Colestipol may decrease the absorption of Furosemide. ModerateMonitor for decreased serum concentrations/therapeutic effects of Furosemide if coadministered with Colestipol. Separating the administration of doses by 2 or more hours may reduce (but not eliminate) the risk of interaction.DesonideDiazoxideEnhanced hypotensive effect when Diazoxide given with Frusemide.DigoxinFrusemide decreases serum and tissue patassium (K), thus increases automaticity. Frusemide also facilitates inhibition of Na-K ATPase by digoxin.ModerateMonitor for increased toxic effects of Digoxin if Frusemide is initiated or the dose is increased. The use of a potassium-sparing diuretic might be considered to minimize potassium loss. Likewise, potassium supplementation, along with careful monitoring of serum potassium and possibly Digoxin concentrations, might be helpful.Fludrocortisone (Acetate)FluprednisoloneFlurbiprofenFlurbiprofen may diminish the diuretic effect of Furosemide.ModerateMonitor for decreased therapeutic effects of Furosemide if a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) is initiated/dose increased, or increased effects if an NSAID is discontinued/dose decreased. Consider using an NSAID that holds a lesser potential for interacting with Furosemide (eg, diflunisal, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, and ketorolac). Patients with heart failure may be more sensitive to alterations in fluid balance, in which case consideration should be given to avoiding the concomitant use of NSAIDs and Furosemide. Cirrhotic patients with ascites may also be at increased risk.Fluticasone PropionateGemfibrozilGentamicinFrusemide may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Gentamicin . Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. ModerateMonitor toxic effects of Gentamicin if Furosemide is initiated or the dose is increased. This is probably of most concern if Furosemide is administered in high doses for extended periods of time.HydrocortisoneIndomethacinIndomethacin may diminish the diuretic effect of Furosemide.ModerateMonitor for decreased therapeutic effects of Furosemide if Indomethacin is initiated/dose increased, or increased effects if Indomethacin is discontinued/dose decreased. Consider using an NSAID that holds a lesser potential for interacting with Furosemide (eg, diflunisal, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, and ketorolac). Patients with heart failure may be more sensitive to alterations in fluid balance, in which case consideration should be given to avoiding the concomitant use of NSAIDs and Furosemide. Cirrhotic patients with ascites may also be at increased risk.KetoprofenKetoprofen may diminish the diuretic effect of Furosemide.ModerateMonitor for decreased therapeutic effects of Furosemide if a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) is initiated/dose increased, or increased effects if an NSAID is discontinued/dose decreased. Consider using an NSAID that holds a lesser potential for interacting with Furosemide (eg, diflunisal, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, and ketorolac). Patients with heart failure may be more sensitive to alterations in fluid balance, in which case consideration should be given to avoiding the concomitant use of NSAIDs and Furosemide. Cirrhotic patients with ascites may also be at increased risk.LithiumFurosemide may decrease the excretion of Lithium. MinorNo action required.Metformin (HCl)Furosemide increases the plasma concentration while mwtformin decreases the peak concentration and elimination half life upto 31%and 32%respectively. Increase plasma level of metformin increases the risk of lactic acidosis.ModerateClosely monitor blood glucose level Patient should notify to physician if experience signs of lactic acidosisMetolazoneMilrinone (Lactate)NabumetoneConcurrent use can reduce the natriuretic effect of furosemide in some patients. NaproxenNaproxen may diminish the diuretic effect of Furosemide.ModerateMonitor for decreased therapeutic effects of Furosemide if Naproxen is initiated/dose increased, or increased effects if Naproxen is discontinued/dose decreased. Consider using an NSAID that holds a lesser potential for interacting with Furosemide (eg, diflunisal, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, and ketorolac). Patients with heart failure may be more sensitive to alterations in fluid balance, in which case consideration should be given to avoiding the concomitant use of NSAIDs and Furosemide. Cirrhotic patients with ascites may also be at increased risk.OuabainPancuronium (Br)Furosemide may diminish the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Pancuronium. Furosemide may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Pancuronium. ModerateBe aware that the therapeutic effects of Pancuronium may be altered by coadministration of Furosemide. Low doses of the Furosemide appear to enhance blockade, whereas higher doses may diminish blockade.Phenytoin (Na)Phenytoin may diminish the diuretic effect of Furosemide. ModerateMonitor for decreased therapeutic effects of Furosemide if phenytoin is initiated/dose increased, or increased effects if phenytoin is discontinued/dose decreased.Prednisolone and PrednisoneProbenecidSodium BicarbonateStreptomycinFrusemide may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Streptomycin. Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. ModerateMonitor for toxic effects of Streptomycin if Furosemide is initiated or the dose is increased. This is probably of most concern if Furosemide is administered in high doses for extended periods of time.TerbutalineTerbutaline may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Furosemide. ModerateMonitor for increased risk of hypokalemia, and the associated effects (eg, cardiac conduction problems) in patients receiving concomitant therapy with Terbutaline and Furosemide. Patients with low baseline serum potassium concentrations are likely at increased risk of negative effects. TheobromineTobramycinFrusemide may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Tobramycin. Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. ModerateMonitor for toxic effects of Tobramycin if Furosemide is initiated or the dose is increased. This is probably of most concern if Furosemide is administered in high doses for extended periods of time.Triclofos (Na)Tubocurarine (Cl) These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Falsely low values for urinary glucose by theClinistix and Diastix Methods
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Inj Store Below 40°C. Do not Freeze. Protect from Sunlight. tab Store Below 30°C.
Warnings
Frusemide should be used with caution in patients with any pre-existing liver or kidney disease, gout, diabetes, pancreatitis, lupus or allergy to sulfa drugs. This drug is not recommended for use during pregnancy or lactation. Furosemide causes photosensitization, so use sunscreen and wear protective clothing. Do not use furosemide in the late afternoon or evening. Consult with the doctor regarding dosing schedule. Do not porphyric patient.
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