Alcohol

Alcohol is a CNS depressant. Alcohol is the most commonly abused drug in the world. Ethyl it has occuppied an important place in the history of humankind for at least 8000 years. In western society beer and wine were a main staple of daily life until the 19th century. Today Alcohol is widely consumed. Alcohol is one of the least potent drugs consumed by the human, yet Alcohol is the cause of more preventable morbidity and mortality than all other drugs combined with the exception of tobacco. Like other sedative hyponotic drugs, it in low to moderate amounts relieves the anxiety and fosters a feeling of well being and causes a reduction of the symptoms and hormonal changes associated with stress.

Brands
TIXYLIX ANEW LOTION DIPHEROL DIPHEROL MANDLS PAINT SOLOPHAR KUFRID APHYLIN ZEVIROL ZEVIROL INCREMIN BRONDECON PENTALLIN TEETHING DROPS PEDILIX BRONIL BRONIL AMPHIDRYL RONDEC RONDEC SOMOGEL SOMOGEL
Adult Dose
Dose: 1000 mg/kg
Single Dose: 1000 (1000)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: IV
Instructions: Load for Once
Neonatal
Dose: Not indicated in this age group
Single Dose:
Frequency:
Route:
Instructions:
Paedriatic
Dose: Not Indicated in this Age Group
Single Dose:
Frequency:
Route:
Instructions:
Characteristics
. It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Ethanol. It belongs to Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action. The Molecular Weight of Alcohol is 46.10. It is weakly acidic drug, 1.39% solution of the drug is isotonic and Its pKa is not ionizable.
Contraindications
Alcohol is contraindicated in conditions like Hepatic disease,Postpartum haemorrhage,Seizures,Renal impairment.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Alcohol, which give rise to further complications include Coma, Cardiomyopathy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Alcohol include Hypothermia, Metabolic acidosis, Hypoglycemia, CNS depression, Acute gastritis.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Alcohol are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Drowsiness, Ataxia, Lethargy, Slurred speech, Hypothermia, Dysarthria, Amnesia, Disinhibtion.
Indications
Alcohol is primarily indicated in conditions like Kidney ablation, Nerve block, Poisoning of ethylene glycol and methanol, Premature labour.
Interactions
Alcohol is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAlprazolamAlcohol reduces the clearance of alprazolamAminoglutethimideAmisulprideIncreased sedative effects when antipsychotics (e.g Amisulpride) given with Alcohol.Amitriptyline (HCl)Amlodipine (Besylate)Enhanced hypotensive effect when calcium-channel blockers (e.g Amlodipine) given with Alcohol.AmoxapineIncreased sedative effect when amoxapine given with alcohol.MajorAspirinAzatadine (Maleate)BaclofenEnhanced sedative effects when Baclofen given with Alcohol.BendrofluazideBenorylateBenperidolIncreased risk of sedative effects when antipsychotics (e.g Benperidol) given with Alcohol. Benztropine (Mesylate)Increased sedative effects when Benztropine given with Alcohol.Betahistine (HCl)Bethanidine (Sulphate)Bovine InsulinBrimonidine (Tartrate)BromazepamBromocriptine (Mesylate)Tolerance of Bromocriptine reduced by Alcohol.Brompheniramine (Maleate)Buprenorphine (HCl)Buspirone (HCl)Butorphanol (Tartrate)CabergolineCaffeineCannabisCaptoprilEnhanced hypotensive effect when ACE inhibitors (e.g Captopril) given with Alcohol.CarbamazepineCNS-side effects of Carbamazepine possibly increased by Alcohol.Carbinoxamine (Maleate)Cefamandole (Na)CefazolinCefoperazoneCefotetanCeftriaxone (Na)Disulfiram like reaction occurs when ceftriaxone is used with alcohol.Cephazolin (Na)Cerivastatin SodiumCharcoal (Activated)Chloral BetaineChloral HydrateChlordiazepoxide (HCl)Chlormethiazole (Edisylate)ChlorothiazideChlorpheniramine (Maleate)MajorChlorpromazine (HCl)ChlorpropamideChlorprothixeneChlorthalidoneCholine Magnesium TrisalicylateChymotrypsinCilazaprilCitalopram (HBr)ClemastineClobazamClomipramine (HCl)ClonazepamClonidine (HCl)Clorazepate (K)Clotiazepamenhanced sedation effect.ClozapineCocaineCodeineCyanocobalaminCyclizineCyclopenthiazideCyproheptadine (HCl)Cyproterone (Acetate)DalteparinDanazolsubjective intolerance in the form of nausea and dyspnea may occurDantrolene (Na)Debrisoquine (Sulphate)Desipramine (HCl)Desmopressin (Acetate)Dexamphetamine (Sulphate)Dextromoramide (Tartrate)DextropropoxypheneDiamorphine (HCl)DiazepamAdditive CNS depressant activity. Ethanol increases Rate of GI absorption of DiazepamDiazoxideEnhanced hypotensive effect when Diazoxide given with Alcohol.Dihydrocodeine (Tartrate)DimenhydrinateDinoprostDiphenhydramineDiphenoxylate (HCl)Diphenyl PyralineDipipanone (HCl)DisulfiramDisulfiram inhibit enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase responsible for oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetylCoA thusduring cosumption of alcohol flushing,nausea,blurred vision,hypotension and tachycardia may occur.MajorAlcohol should be avoided in patients receiving disulfiram.Dothiepin (HCl)Doxepin (HCl)Doxicycline HyclateDoxycyclineDroperidolDuloxetine HydrochlorideEnalapril (Maleate)EnfluraneEnoxaparinEphedrineErythromycinCoadministration delay absorption and clinical effects of erythromycin due to slowed gastric emptying by ethanol.MinorPatients should avoid alcohol when taking erythromycin.Estradiol (Valerate)Estrogens ConjugatedEthinamateConcurrent use may increase the CNS depressant effects of either of the medications.EthinyloestradiolEthionamideEthosuximideEtodolacFamotidineLevel of ethanol is increasedFenbufenFenoprofenFentanyl (Citrate)FloctafenineFlunarizine (HCl)Fluoxetine (HCl)Flupenthixol (HCl and Decanoate)FluphenazineFlurazepam (HCl)FlurbiprofenFructoseFurazolidoneCocurrent use lead to disulfiram-like reactionsi.e.flushing,lacrimation and sweating due to inhibition of enzyme by furazolidone results in accumulation of acetaldehyde.ModerateAvoid alcohol while taking furazolidone or within four days of stopping therapy.GlibenclamideGliclazideGlipizideGlyceryl TrinitrateGlymidineGriseofulvinGuanabenzGuanabenz acetate may intensify effect of alcohol.GuanethidineHalazepamHaloperidolHalothaneHeparin (Na) and Heparin (Cl)Hexobarbitone (Na)Human InsulinHydralazine (HCl)HydrochlorothiazideHydroflumethiazideHydromorphoneHydroxyureaHydroxyzineHyoscine (Butylbromide)Imipramine (HCl)IndomethacinIndoramin (HCl)Sedative effect of indoramin enhanced.Insulin GlulisineInsulin LisproIron SaltsIsocarboxazidIsoetharineIsoniazidAlcoholic patients show high INH-induced hepatotoxicity.ModerateCoadministration is considered as contraindicated and clinicians should aware of risk of hepatotoxicity.IsoniazidIsophane insulinIsosorbide (Dinitrate)Isosorbide 5-MononitrateKetamine (HCl)KetazolamKetoconazoleCoadministration results in disulfiram-like reactions(swaeting,nausea,flushing,headache)MinorWhile taking ketoconazole patient advised to minimize alcohol consumption.Ketotifen (Fumarate)Latamoxef (Na)Lercanidipine (HCl)LevodropropizineLevorphanolLevorphanolConcurrent use with Alcohol may result in additive CNS depression.LevosulpirideLisinoprilLithiumCoadministration result in additive central nervous system and impairment, thinking and psychomotor skills.ModeratePatient should be warned of interaction and advised to limit alcohol cosumption.Lofepramine (HCl)LofexidineLofexidine may increase central depressant effect of sedative agents including alcohol.LomustineLomustine is soluble in alcohol. Some sources recommend avoidance of alcohol on days that lomustine is administered to avoid possible effects on the absorption of lomustine, although there is no documentation of an interaction.LorazepamLormetazepamLynoestrenolLypressinMaprotiline (HCl)Coadministration result in additive central nervous system and impairment, thinking and psychomotor skills.ModeratePatient should be warned of interaction and advised to limit alcohol cosumption.MebhydrolinMecamylamineThe action of Mecamylamine may be potentiated by alcohol.MeclizineMeclofenamic AcidMeclozineMedazepamMedroxyprogesterone (Acetate)MeloxicamMentholMepacrine (HCl)MeprobamateMepyramineMequitazineMestranolMetaxaloneMetformin (HCl)Ethanol initiate effects of metformin on lactate metabolism.ModerateAvoid intake of alcohol and notify the signs of lactic acidosis like malaise,respiratory distress,somnolence and irregular heart beat.MethadoneMethocarbamolMethocarbamol may possess a general CNS depressant effect, patients receiving Methocarbamol Injectable should be cautioned about combined effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants.MethotrexateMethotrimeprazine (Maleate)MethyclothiazideMethypryloneMetronidazoleMetyrosineMetyrosine may add to the sedative effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants, e.g., hypnotics, sedatives, and tranquilizers.MianserinMidazolamMirtazapineMolindonethe sedative effect is increased when taken with Molindone.MorphineNalbuphine (HCl)Naloxone (HCl)Nicotinic AcidNifuroxazideIntake of alcohol or alcohol preparations during treatment of Nifuroxazide causes feeling of heat in face and neck, heaviness in occipital part of head, tachycardia and reduction of blood pressure.NifurtimoxNimetazepamNitrazepamNitroglycerinAlcohol may intensify the blood pressure lowering effect of nitroglycerin and result in collapsePatients receiving nitroglycerin should be advised to drink alcoholic beverages with caution.Nortriptyline (HCl)NylidrinConcurrent use may increase the risk of dizziness.OlanzapineOrciprenaline (Sulphate)OrphenadrineOxaprozinOxatomideOxazepamOxygenPapaveretumParacetamolParoxetinePentazocinePentobarbitone (Na)Peppermint OilPerindoprilPerphenazinePethidine (HCl)PhenindionePhenobarbital SodiumAlcohol enhances effects of phenobarbital sodium.PhenobarbitonePhentermineConcomitant use of alcohol with phentermine hydrochloride may result in an adverse drug interaction.Phenylbutazone Phenytoin (Na)Pholcodine PimozidePinacidil MonohydratePinazepamPipothiazinePizotifen (Hydrogen Maleate)PolythiazidePorcine InsulinPrazepamPraziquantel PrazosinPregabalinPrimidoneProcainamide (HCl)ProchlorperazinePromazine (HCl)Promethazine (HCl)PropiomazineConcurrent use may increase the CNS depressant effects of either these medications. Caution is recommended and dosage of one or both agents should be reduced.PropoxypheneProtriptyline (HCl)Pyrilamine (Maleate)QuetiapineQuinalbarbitone (Na)QuinaprilQuinestrolAcute ingestion of alcohol intake led to a threefold increase in circulating estrasdiol.QuinineRamiprilRauwolfia ReserpineResorcinolConcurrent use with resorcinol may cause a cumulative irritant or drying effect, especially with the application of peeling, desquamating, or abrasive agents, resulting in excessive irritation of the skinRetinol (Vitamin A)RisperidoneSertindoleSertindole has the potential of causing drowsiness, thus in combination Alcohol sedation may result. Sertraline (HCl)Sodium SalicylateSulfapyridineConcurrent use with sulfonamides may result in an increased incidence of hepatotoxicity. Patients, especially those on prolonged administration or those with a history of liver disease.Should be carefully monitored.SulpirideSumatriptanTadalafilConcurrent use can increase the potential for orthostatic signs and symptoms, including increase in heart rate, decrease in standing blood pressure, dizziness, and headache. Technetium Tc-99m lidofeninAlcohol may decrease gallbladder emptying, thus delaying gallbladder clearance of technetium Tc 99m lidofeninTemazepamTenoxicamTerazosinTerfenadineTheophyllineThiethylperazineThiopentone (Na)Thioridazine (HCl)TinidazoleTizanidineTolazoline (HCl)TrandolaprilTrazodone (HCl)TretinoinTriazolamTriclofos (Na)Trifluoperazine (HCl)Trimipramine (Maleate)Triprolidine (HCl)Varicella VaccineVerapamil (HCl)Plasma alcohol concentration possibly increased by verapamil.Warfarin (Na)Enhanced anticoagulant effect with large amounts of alcohol. (Sequence important)Zolpidem (Tartrate)Zuclopenthixol These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Test for Serum Acid Phosphatase and Ionized Calcium
Risks
Drug should not be given to Paediatrics, Pregnant Mothers, Geriatrics, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Liq Store in a well closed container. Protect from Moisture.
Warnings
Ethyl alcohol should be used with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus because ethanol can cause hypoglycemia, resulting in poor diabetic control. In untreated diabetics, the rate of ethanol metabolism is reduced. It should not be administered to patients in diabetic coma. Regular use should be avoided in patients with gout. Ethyl alcohol should be administered cautiously in patients with CNS depression. It should be avoided in patients who once suffered from alcoholism unless it is used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Ethyl alcohol should not be used during pregnancy or lactation.
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