Doxycycline

Doxycycline is a semi-synthetic, broad spectrum tetracycline antibiotic derived from methacycline. Tetracyclines are derivative of polycyclic naphthacenecarboxamide. They are bacteriostatic and effective against many gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Doxycycline is the first drug of choice for prophylaxis of "travelers diarrhoea".Doxycycline is administered orally. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect. This is achieved by taking the drug at regular interval of time throughout the day and night as prescribed. Doxycycline (HCl) is important to take the drug for the full time period as prescribed. If you discontinue drug, it may result in ineffective treatment.


Adult Dose
Dose: 100 mg
Single Dose: 100 (100)
Frequency: 24 hourly
Route: PO
Instructions: Maintenance, As Required
Neonatal
Dose:
Single Dose:
Frequency:
Route:
Instructions: Not recommended in this age group
Paedriatic
Dose:
Single Dose:
Frequency:
Route:
Instructions: Not recommended in this age group
Characteristics
Doxycycline HCl, Doxycycline HCl are the derivatives of Doxycycline. It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Tetracycline. It belongs to Antibacterial (Proetin synthesis inhibitor) pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibiotic, Tetracycline Derivative pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Doxycycline is 462.00. It is weakly alkaline drug and Its pKa is 3.4, 7.7, 9.7.
Contraindications
Doxycycline is contraindicated in conditions like Systemic lupus erythematosus,Hypersensitivity.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Doxycycline, which give rise to further complications include Staining of developing teeth, Hypoplasia of enamel.Doxycycline produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Pseudomembranous colitis, Anaphylaxis, Liver damage. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Doxycycline therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Doxycycline include GI disturbances.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Doxycycline are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Nausea, Anorexia, Skin reactions, Skin rashes, Maculopapular rash, Urticaria, Vaginitis, Photosensitivity, Glossitis, StomatitisX, Hemolytic anemia, Dysphagia, Erythematous rash, Pericarditis, Exfoliative dermatitis, GI disturbance, Anaphylactoid purpura.
Indications
Doxycycline is primarily indicated in conditions like Acne vulgaris, Anthrax, Breast cancer, Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Genitourinary tract infections, GI infections, Heart failure, Malaria prophylaxis, Opthalmic infections, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Pneumonia, Respiratory tract infections, Schizophrenia and other psychoses, Severe infections, Sinusitis, Soft tissue infections, To reduce degradation of pancreatic enzyme supplements, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Adjunct in the treatment of P. Falciparum malaria, Adult growth hormone deficiency, Moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis, Rosacea.
Interactions
Doxycycline is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAlcoholCarbamazepineCarbamazepine accelerates metabolism of Doxycycline (reduced effect) and shortens the half life of doxycycline. Chlorpheniramine (Maleate)It increases effects of chlotpheniramine. as it is is a CYP3A4 inhibitorClavulanic AcidFosphenytoinGlymidineIron SaltsMagnesium Oxides and HydroxidesPhenobarbitonePhenobarbitonePhenytoin (Na)Phenytoin (Na)Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)Riboflavin interferes with the absorption and effectiveness of tetracyclines.RifampicinSodium AcetateAlkalinization of the urine may decrease the plasma concentration of some tetracyclines. The mechanism is not completely understood, but may involve increased renal elimination of tetracyclines when the urine becomes alkalinized. ModerateIf these drugs must be used together, an alternating dosing schedule is recommended (three to four hours apart).Sodium BicarbonateSodium PicosulphateShould not be use concurrently without doctors prescription. These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
The rise in blood urea Elevations of SGPT and SGOT Interference with Urinary Urobilinogen Levels Rise in Eosinophil count
Risks
Drug should not be given to Paediatrics, Pregnant Mothers, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Inj (reconstituted soln) Store . Protect from Sunlight. Oral Syrup or Susp Store at room temperature. Do not Freeze. Protect from Sunlight. Tab, Caps Store Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight.
Warnings
Doxycycline should be used with caution (if contains tartrazine) in patients with aspirin hypersensitivity, because it may cause allergic reactions (including bronchial asthma). Take appropriate measures if secondary infection occurs. Perform periodic laboratory evaluation of organ system (e.g. liver or kidney) in case of long term therapy.
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