Insulin

Insulin is a hormone which is proteinic in nature. It is secreted by a group of cells called islet cells within the pancreas. Insulin is used medically to treat some forms of diabetes mellitus. Insulin from animal source differs some what in regulatory function strength in humans because of variations.Procine insulin is especially close to the human version. Macleod and Banting were awarded the NOBLE PRIZE in physiology in 1923 for discovery of insulin.

Brands
MIXTARD HM MIXTARD 30 PENFILLS DONGSULIN70/30 DONGSULIN70/30 PENFILL DONGSULIN R DONGSULIN R MIGIC INNOGEN R INNOGEN M 30 INNOGEN N INSUMAN COMB 25 NOVOPEN 4
Adult Dose
Dose: 100 to 500 U/ml
Single Dose: 300 (300)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: IV
Instructions:
Neonatal
Paedriatic
Characteristics
Insulin also known as . . It is of Natural origin. It belongs to Insulin agonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antidiabetic Agent, Insulin pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Insulin is 6000.00. Its pKa is 5.39.
Contraindications
Insulin is contraindicated in conditions like Hypoglycaemia,Hypersensitivity to any component of product.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Insulin, which give rise to further complications include Allergy, Hypokalemia, Hyperglycemia, Blurred vision, Hypoglycemia.Insulin produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Convulsions. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Insulin therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Insulin include Hypotension, Fainting, Headache, Weakness, Dyspnea.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Insulin are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Rashes, Redness, Swelling.
Indications
Insulin is primarily indicated in conditions like Diabetes insipidus, Diabetes mellitus, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Adjunct in GI-disorders, Myocardial infarction, Stroke.
Interactions
Insulin is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAcarboseAescinEdetic acidNicotineEspecially inform your doctor if you are using this combination.OxprenololOxprenolol may potentiate hypoglycemic effects. OxymetholoneThe hypoglycemic effect of insulin may be potentiated by certain drugs, including ACE inhibitors, anabolic steroids, fibrates, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), salicylates, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), sulfonamides, disopyramide, propoxyphene, quinine, and quinidine. These drugs may increase the risk of hypoglycemia by enhancing insulin sensitivity (ACE inhibitors, fibrates); stimulating insulin secretion (salicylates, disopyramide, quinine, quinidine, MAOIs); increasing peripheral glucose utilization (SSRIs, insulin-like growth factor); and/or inhibiting gluconeogenesis (SSRIs, MAOIs, insulin-like growth factor). Clinical hypoglycemia has been reported during use of these agents alone or with insulin and/or insulin secretagogues.ModerateClose monitoring for the development of hypoglycemia is recommended if these drugs are coadministered with insulin, particularly in patients with advanced age and/or renal impairment. The insulin dosage may require adjustment if an interaction is suspected. Patients should be apprised of the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., headache, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, hunger, tremor, weakness, sweating, palpitations), how to treat it, and to contact their physician if it occurs. Patients should be observed for loss of glycemic control when these drugs are withdrawn.Psyllium HuskPsyllium Husk may reduce absorption of insulin. Sodium CalciumedetateConcurrent use will decrease the duration of action of zinc insulin preparations by chelation of zinc.SomatostatinThe glucoregulatory properties of somatostatin may cause it to interfere with the insulin requirements of insulin-dependent diabeticsSomatropinPatients with diabetes mellitus who receive concomitant treatment with somatropin may require adjustment of their doses of insulin and/or other hypoglycemic agents These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Monitoring of blood and urine glucose
Risks
If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Warnings
Glucose monitoring should be done.Patient should be careful in timing of insulin dosing,meal planing,regular exercise and monitoring of blood glucose.
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