Moxifloxacin

Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic belongs to 3rd group of fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolones are potent bactericidal agents against E. coli and various species of Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter, Campylobacter and Neisseeria, it has excellent activity against S. pneumoniae. Moxifloxacin is used in respiratory tract infections, in urinary tract infectionsand in bone and soft tissue infections.


Adult Dose
Dose: 400 mg
Single Dose: 400 (400)
Frequency: 24 hourly
Route: IV
Instructions: Given over 60 minutes.
Neonatal
Paedriatic
Characteristics
Moxifloxacin Hcl is the derivative of Moxifloxacin. It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Fluoroquinolone. . The Molecular Weight of Moxifloxacin is 437.90.
Contraindications
Moxifloxacin is contraindicated in conditions like Heart failure,Bradycardia,Liver diseases,Electrolyte disturbance.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Moxifloxacin, which give rise to further complications include Hypotension, Hypotension, Hyperglycemia, Dyspnea, Hyperuricemia, Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia.Moxifloxacin produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Anaphylactic reactions, Atrial fibrillation. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Moxifloxacin therapy.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Moxifloxacin are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Dizziness, Headache, Drowsiness, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Myalgia, Restlessness, Tachycardia, Tremors, Insomnia, Abdominal pain, Sweating, Skin rash, Dyspepsia, Pseudomembranous colitis, Hemolytic anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Edema, Hot flushes, Syncope, Gynecomastia, Abnormal LFT, Hypersensitivity reactions, Taste perversion, Superinfection, QT prolongation, Visual disturbances, dizziness, dyspepsia, Abnormal LFT, agranulocytosis, arthropathy, Tachycardia.
Indications
Moxifloxacin is primarily indicated in conditions like Acute bacterial sinusitis, Chronic bronchitis, Lower respiratory tract infections, Oedema, Pneumonia, Short-term treatment of severe congestive heart failure, Sinusitis, Skin infections, Soft tissue infections, Upper respiratory tract infections, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Bacterial conjunctivitis.
Interactions
Moxifloxacin is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAmoxapineIncreased risk of ventricular arrhythmia when Amoxapine given with Sotalol.CisaprideDidanosineDidanosine contains aluminium and magnesium ion buffering agents which reduce the bioavailability of moxifloxacin.Magnesium Oxides and HydroxidesMagnesium and aluminium hydroxide containing antacids decrease the oral absorption of moxifloxacin.QuinidineConcomitant use of moxifloxacin and antiarrythmics (e.g quinidine, procaineamide, satolol, ibutilide, amiodarone, erythromycin, tricyclic antidepressants) can cause marked QTc prolongation.SucralfateSucralfate releases aluminium ions in the stomach and thereby reduces the absorption of moxifloxacin.VORICONAZOLEAdditive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongationWarfarin (Na)Moxifloxacin enhances anticoaggulant effect of warfarin. These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Elevation in BUNElevated liver enzymesElevated serum creatinine
Risks
Drug should not be given to Paediatrics, Pregnant Mothers, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Store Below 30°C. Refrigeration and Freezing is not recommended.
Warnings
It should be used with caution in patients with known or suspected central nervous system disorders which may predispose to seizures or lower the seizure threshold. As no pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamic data are available in severe hepatic impairment, the use of moxifloxacin in this patients group is not recommended. Moxifloxacin should be used with caution in patients with known QT interval prolongation or uncorrected hypokalemia; in those receiving class IA (e.g quinidine or procaine amide) or class III antiarrhythmic agents (sotalol, ibutilide, amiodarone); and in patients who are receiving other agents known to increase the QT interval (e.g erythromycin, tricyclic antidepressants).
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