Aldesleukin

'Aldesleukin is an immunomodulator, and a parenteral antineoplastic agent developed through recombinant DNA technology. It belongs to a class of biological agents known as interleukins which are the molecular messengers by which leukocytes communicate with each other. Aldesleukin is indicated for treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma and is currently being studied for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia, non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma, HIV infection, and leprosy. It has also been used alone and in combination with antineoplastic agents for the palliative treatment of metastatic melanoma. It was FDA approved in May 1992. Aldesleukin is for use in specialist units only. Aldesleukin is usually given by SC injection and rarely by IV-infusion due to capillary leakage syndrome, which can cause pulmonary oedema and hypotension.'

Brands
Adult Dose
Neonatal
Paedriatic
Characteristics
Aldesleukin also known as Interleukin 2 (IL 2). . It is of Natural origin and belongs to Interleukin 2 (IL-2). . The Molecular Weight of Aldesleukin is 15000.00. Its pKa is 8.2.
Contraindications
Aldesleukin is contraindicated in conditions like Cardiac disease,CNS metastasis,Hypersensitivity,Autoimmune disease,Serious infections.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Aldesleukin, which give rise to further complications include Hypotension, Pulmonary embolism, Hypoxia, Liver dysfunction, Inflammatory arthritis, Hepatic ischemia.Aldesleukin produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Myocardial infarction, Renal failure, Cardiac dysrhythmias, Respiratory distress syndrome, Capillary leak syndrome. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Aldesleukin therapy.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Aldesleukin are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Fatigue, Nausea, Vomiting, Alopecia, Anorexia, Diarrhea, Fever, Peripheral edema, Rashes, Confusion, Erythema, Malaise, Nasal congestion, Hypokalemia, Hypovolemia, Hyperglycemia, Hypocalcemia.
Indications
Aldesleukin is primarily indicated in conditions like Metastatic malignant melanoma, Metastatic renal carcinoma, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in AIDS, Leprosy.
Interactions
Aldesleukin is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAdefovir DipivoxilAtenololEnhanced hypotensive effect when aldesleukin given with Beta-blockers (e.g atenolol).CaptoprilEnhanced hypotensive effect when aldesleukin given with ACE inhibitors (e.g Captopril).Clonidine (HCl)Enhanced hypotensive effect when aldesleukin given with Clonidine (HCl).DiazoxideHypotensive effects may be enhanced by the concomitant administration of Diazoxide.IoxaglateAn increased incidence (12.6%) of acute, atypical reactions to iodinated contrast media has been observed in patients who have been previously treated with interleukin-2. The cause and mechanism have not been established. Symptoms generally have an onset of 1 to 4 hours and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, chills, flu-like symptoms, joint pain, rash, pruritus, hypotension, edema, and oliguria. Reactions have typically been reported when patients received iodinated contrast media within 4 weeks after the last dose of interleukin-2, but have also occurred several months after interleukin treatment.ModeratePatients should be monitored for adverse reactions after receiving iodinated contrast media, and symptomatic treatment initiated as clinically appropriate.IpodateAn increased incidence (12.6%) of acute, atypical reactions to iodinated contrast media has been observed in patients who have been previously treated with interleukin-2. The cause and mechanism have not been established. Symptoms generally have an onset of 1 to 4 hours and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, chills, flu-like symptoms, joint pain, rash, pruritus, hypotension, edema, and oliguria. Reactions have typically been reported when patients received iodinated contrast media within 4 weeks after the last dose of interleukin-2, but have also occurred several months after interleukin treatment.ModeratePatients should be monitored for adverse reactions after receiving iodinated contrast media, and symptomatic treatment initiated as clinically appropriate.Losartan (K)Enhanced hypotensive effect when aldesleukin given with Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists (e.g losartan)MethyldopaEnhanced hypotensive effect when aldesleukin given with Methyldopa.MetrizamideIntrathecal administration of iodinated contrast media may induce seizures. There may be a theoretical risk of increased seizure potential when iodinated contrast agents are used with other substances that can reduce the seizure threshold such as aldesleukin.MajorAldesleukin should preferably be withheld for at least 48 hours prior to and 24 hours following intrathecal administration of iodinated contrast media. Patients should be monitored for adverse reactions during and after the myelography, and symptomatic treatment initiated as clinically appropriate.MoxonidineEnhanced hypotensive effect when aldesleukin given with Moxonidine.PrazosinEnhanced hypotensive effect when aldesleukin given with Alpha-blockers (e.g prazosin).Verapamil (HCl)Enhanced hypotensive effect when aldesleukin given with Calcium-channel antagonists (e.g verapamil). These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, Cardiac / Hypertensive Patients, patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction, and patients suffering from Liver Malfunction.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Inj Store in refrigerator. Protect from Sunlight.
Warnings
Because of the adverse reactions associated with aldesleukin therapy, patient selection requires a thorough clinical evaluation of each patient prior to initiation of therapy. Patients with CNS metastases may experience exacerbation of disease symptoms; thoroughly evaluate and treat prior to therapy. Patients with indwelling central lines should receive antibiotic prophylaxis effective against Staphylococcus aureus.The safety and efficacy of aldesleukin in children
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