Carbenicillin (Na)

Carbenicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin. Alexander Fleming reported his discovery of penicillin in 1929. Chain, Flory and their associates succeeded in producing significant quantities of the first penicillins from the cultures of Penicillium notatum in 1940. Ten years later virtually unlimited quantities of penicillin G were available for clinical use. Carbenecillin is the first antipseudomonal carboxypenicillin. Carbenicillin is effective against gram negative bacteria and also inhibiting the growth of some gram positive bacteria.

Brands
Adult Dose
Dose: 14.285 to 71.42 mg/kg
Single Dose: 43 (42.8525)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: Slow IV
Instructions: As Required
Neonatal
Paedriatic
Dose: 400 mg/kg
Single Dose: 400 (400)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Intra Venous
Instructions: As Required
Characteristics
. It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Beta Lactam. It belongs to Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibiotic, Penicillin pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Carbenicillin (Na) is 422.40. Its pKa is 2.6.
Contraindications
Carbenicillin (Na) is contraindicated in conditions like Haemophilia.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Carbenicillin (Na), which give rise to further complications include Hypokalemia, Stevens johnson syndrome, Cardiac insufficiency, Coagulation disorder, Granulocytopenia.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Carbenicillin (Na) include Epileptic seizures, Neurotoxic reactions.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Carbenicillin (Na) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Flatulence, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Phlebitis, Elevation of liver enzymes, Fluid retention, Edema, Bullous rash.
Indications
Carbenicillin (Na) is primarily indicated in conditions like Bacterial infections, Meningitis, Urinary tract infection.
Interactions
Carbenicillin (Na) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAmphotericin BChloramphenicolChloramphenicol inhibit the effect of carbenicillin by inhibiting cellular protein synthesis and change bacteria into static one thus reducing the effectiveness of carbenicillin.ModerateCombination must be avoided. If necessary then carbenicillin administered several hours before chloramphenicol and closely observed the antimicrobial efficacy.MethotrexateCoadministration of large doses carbenicillin increases the serum level of methotrexate by competitive inhibition of renal tubular secretion of methotrexate.Hematological effects observed due to reduction in clearance of methotrexate upto 35%.MajorSerum concentration levels must be closely monitored and dose adjustment of methotrexate is necessary.ProbenecidPromethazine (HCl)Tetracycline (HCl)TobramycinWarfarin (Na)Carbenicillin increases the risk of bleeding,prothrombin time and INR when administered with warfarin.ModerateINR should be check frequently and dose adjustment of warfarin is necessary. These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Impair the in-vitro assay of aminoglycosides
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Tab Store Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight and Moisture.
Warnings
Carbenicillin should be used with caution in patients with medical history especially of kidney disease, stomach or intestinal problems, blood disorders and of drug allergies, especially allergies to other penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics. Do not use carbencillin repeatedly or for prolong period because use of this medication for prolonged or repeated periods may result in a secondary infection (e.g.oral, bladder or vaginal yeast infection). It should be used with extreme caution during pregnancy or lactation.
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