Hyoscyamine

'Hyoscyamine is anticholinergic alkaloid derived from Hyoscyamus niger, Atropa belladonna and other solanaceous plants. Hyoscyamine is antimuscarinic agent. Chemically Hyoscyamine is identified as 1aH, 5aH-Tropan-3a-ol (-)-tropate (ester) hydrobromide. Hyoscyamine is a levorotatoy isomer of a racemic mixture known as atropine. Therefore 1/2 of atropine is it. Since the dextrorotatory isomer is inactive the potency of Hyoscyamine is approximately twice that of atropine. It reduces motility of the stomach and intestinal tract and relieves cramping and reduces acid secretion. Hyoscyamine is effective in the treatment of peptic ulcers, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, colitis or pancreatitis, parkinson''s disease, asthma, poisonings due to certain insecticides or plants, to control bed-wetting in childrens and to treat alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Hyoscyamine is administered orally or parentrally.'

Brands
DOSAPAZ SPASMOGIN SPASMOGIN ANAPAZ ANAPAZ PAN CALM ACUPAZ
Adult Dose
Dose: 250 to 500 ug
Single Dose: 380 (375)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: IV,SC
Instructions:
Neonatal
Dose: 4.6 ug/kg
Single Dose: 4.6 (4.6)
Frequency: 6 hourly
Route: Oral
Instructions:
Paedriatic
Dose: 0.75 mg/kg
Single Dose: 0.75 (0.75)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route:
Instructions:
Characteristics
Hyoscyamine also known as Hyoscyamine sulfate. . It is of Natural origin and belongs to Alkaloid. It belongs to Cholinergic muscarinic antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Gastrointestinal Anticholinergics/Antispasmodics and Antispasmodic Agent pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Hyoscyamine is 289.40. It is weakly acidic drug, 6.53% solution of the drug is isotonic.
Contraindications
Hyoscyamine is contraindicated in conditions like Myasthenia gravis,Obstructive uropathy,Narrow-angle glaucoma,GI obstruction.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Hyoscyamine, which give rise to further complications include Increased IOP (intraocular pressure).Hyoscyamine produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Tachycardia, Palpitation. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Hyoscyamine therapy.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Hyoscyamine are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Headache, Ataxia, Dry mouth, Rashes, Dysuria, Diaphoresis, Tremor, Light headedness, Dry skin, Orthostatic hypotension, Loss of memory, Dry nose, Xerostomia, Dry mouth, Ataxia, rashes.
Indications
Hyoscyamine is primarily indicated in conditions like GI diseases, Rhinitis, Visceral spasms, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Hyperhidrosis, Parkinsonism, Peptic ulcer.
Interactions
Hyoscyamine is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAmantadine (HCl)PericyazineThese drugs shouldnot be taken concurrently without doctors prescription. These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Risks
If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Tab, Caps, Elixir Store at room temperature, Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight and Moisture.
Warnings
Closely monitor patients for therapeutic response and side effects of hyocyamine. It should not used in high dose because may produce mental depression and mental disturbances. It should be used with caution in patients over 40yrs because may increase the risk of glaucoma. It should be used with caution in patients with asthma, heart or renal (kidney) diseases. It should be used with caution in infants and small children. Should be used cautiously in children with spastic paralysis.
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