Glycopyrrolate

Glycopyrrolate synthetic quaternary anticholinergic. Glycopyrrolate used in the treatment of peptic ulcers. Glycopyrrolate slows the activity of the stomach and intestinal tract. Glycopyrrolate relieves cramping and reduces acid secretion. Administerd orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously and intravenously. Glycopyrronium (Br) is a quaternary ammonium compound with antimuscarinic properties and peripheral actions similar to those of atropine. Glycopyrronium (Br) is given orally to reduce the intestinal motility and also is used parenterally to block the effects of parasympathetic stimulation during anaesthesia and surgical procedures.

Brands
PYROLATE-N NEO-PYROLATE PYROLATE
Adult Dose
Dose: 200 to 400 ug
Single Dose: 300 (300)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: IM,IV
Instructions: As Premedication
Neonatal
Dose: 4.4 to 8.8 ug/kg
Single Dose: 6.6 (6.6)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Intra Muscular
Instructions: 0.5-1 hr before induction of anaesthesia, as required
Paedriatic
Dose: 4.4 to 8.8 ug/kg
Single Dose: 6.6 (6.6)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Intra Muscular
Instructions: 0.5-1 hr before induction of anaesthesia, as required . To maximum of 200 ug.
Characteristics
Glycopyrrolate also known as Glycopyrronium (Br). . It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Pyrolidine. It belongs to Cholinergic muscarinic antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Gastrointestinal Anticholinergics/Antispasmodics pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Glycopyrrolate is 398.30. It is weakly acidic drug, 7.22% solution of the drug is isotonic and Its pKa is 1 in 30.
Contraindications
Glycopyrrolate is contraindicated in conditions like Glucoma,Obstructive uropathy,Achalasia.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Glycopyrrolate, which give rise to further complications include Tachycardia, Tachycardia.Glycopyrrolate produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Anaphylaxis. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Glycopyrrolate therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Glycopyrrolate include Seizures, Confusion, Hallucinations, Delirium, Ataxia, Hyperpyrexia, Hypertension, Incoordination, Nausea & vomiting.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Glycopyrrolate are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Headache, Drowsiness, Tachycardia, Constipation, Blurred vision, Urinary retensionX, Dryness of mouth, Mental confusion, Taste disturbance, Nausea and vomiting.
Indications
Glycopyrrolate is primarily indicated in conditions like Anesthesia, Control of muscarinic side-effects of neostigmine, Drying secretions, Hyperacidity, Neuromuscular blockade, Premedication in anaesthesia, Reduction of excessive respiratory secretions (death rattle) in palliative care, Reversal of excessive bradycardia, Spasticity, Surgery, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Cardiac arrhythmia, Hyperhidrosis, Peptic ulcer.
Interactions
No data regarding the interactions of Glycopyrrolate was found.
Interfrence
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, Cardiac / Hypertensive Patients, and Geriatrics.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Tab Store in a well closed container, Below 40°C. Protect from Sunlight and Moisture.
Warnings
Closely monitor patients for therapeutic response and side effects of glycopyrrolate. It should not used in high doses because may produce mental depression and mental distrubances. It should be used with caution in patients over 40yrs. Because may increase the risk of glaucoma. It should be used with caution in patients with asthma, heart or kidney diseases. It should be used with caution in infants and small children. Should be used with caution in coronocy artery disease and uralemia.
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