Bupivacaine (HCl)

Bupivacaine (HCl) is amide local anesthetic and a homologue of mepivacaine, chemically related to lidocaine. It consists of an aromatic ring connected by an intermediate chain to an ionizable group, usually a tertiary amine. Bupivacaine (HCl) is more potent and has a longer duration of action than mepivacaine.


Adult Dose
Dose: 50 to 100 mg
Single Dose: 75 (75)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Intra Thecal
Instructions: As Required
Neonatal
Dose: 1.25 mg/kg
Single Dose: 1.2 (1.25)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Intra Thecal
Instructions: As Required
Paedriatic
Dose: 1.25 mg/kg
Single Dose: 1.2 (1.25)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: Intra Thecal
Instructions: As Required
Characteristics
. It is of Synthetic origin and belongs to Amide type. It belongs to Na-Channel Local Anesthetic antagonist pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action. The Molecular Weight of Bupivacaine (HCl) is 430.50. It is weakly acidic drug, 5.38% solution of the drug is isotonic and Its pKa is not relevant.
Contraindications
Bupivacaine (HCl) is contraindicated in conditions like Hypovolaemia,Hypersensitivity,Intravenous regional anaesthesia.
Effects
Bupivacaine (HCl) produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Respiratory depression, Respiratory arrest. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Bupivacaine (HCl) therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Bupivacaine (HCl) include Metallic taste, Tinnitus, Anxiety, Irrational behavior, Circumoral numbness.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Bupivacaine (HCl) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Anxiety, Tinnitus, Metallic taste, Shivering, Circumoral numbness.
Indications
Bupivacaine (HCl) is primarily indicated in conditions like Epidural block, surgery, Heart failure, Labor, Local anaesthesia, Local infiltration, Peripheral nerve block, Supraventricular arrhythmias (particularly atrial fibrillation), Sympathetic block.
Interactions
No data regarding the interactions of Bupivacaine (HCl) was found.
Interfrence
Interfere with the measurement of plasma cholinestrase enzyme in blood sample.
Risks
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, patients suffering from Liver Malfunction, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Inj Store at room temperature. Do not Freeze. Protect from Sunlight.
Warnings
Avoid Bupivacaine in patient with known hypersensitivity. It should be given with caution to the elderly, to debilitated, to children, patients with epilepsy, impaired cardiac conduction or respiratory function, shock or liver damage. It might be ototoxic and should not be instilled into the middle ear. The application of local anaesthatics to the skin for prolonged period or to the extensive area should be avoided.
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