Bleomycin

Bleomycin is a cell cycle-phase specific drug from the antibiotic class of antineoplastic drugs. its mechanism of action and spectrum of activity differentiate it from the other drugs in this class such as doxorubicin and etoposide. Bleomycin is produced by Streptomyces verticillus. The mixture of glycopeptides found in this extract are collectively reffered as it. A mixture of 11 different glycopeptide is used in therapy with the major components being it A2 and it B2.it exerts its chemotherapeutic effects by causing scission of single- and double-stranded DNA. Bleomycin is used in combination of different types of anticancerous drugs to obtain better therapeutic results and to reduce the side effects or toxicity.

Brands
BEMOCIN BLEOMYCIN BLEOCIN BLEOCIP
Adult Dose
Dose: 15 USP units
Single Dose: 15 (15)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: IV Inf
Instructions: 3 times a week
Neonatal
Paedriatic
Dose: 15 IU/sq.meter
Single Dose: 27 (27)
Frequency: As recommended.
Route: IV Infusion
Instructions: Once weekly for 3 Weeks
Characteristics
Bleomycin HCl, Bleomycin HCl, Bleomycin HCl are the derivatives of Bleomycin. It is of Semi Synthetic origin and belongs to Glycopeptide. It belongs to DNA Strand Breakage pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antineoplastic Agent, Antibiotic pharmacological group.The Molecular Weight of Bleomycin is 1500.00.
Contraindications
Bleomycin is contraindicated in conditions like Pulmonary infection,Pregnancy,Breast feeding.
Effects
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Bleomycin, which give rise to further complications include Myelosuppressive effect, Mucocutaneous toxicity.Bleomycin produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Pulmonary toxicity, Respiratory Failure. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Bleomycin therapy.The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Bleomycin include Hypotension, Tachycardia, Fever.The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Bleomycin are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Alopecia, Anorexia, Mucositis, Fever, Chills, Rashes, Stomatitis, Mental confusion, SweatingX, Hypotension, Hyperthermia, Pruritis.
Indications
'Bleomycin is primarily indicated in conditions like Germ cell tumors, Hodgkin''s disease, Intracavitary malignant effusions, Metastatic germ cell cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma of cervix, Squamous cell carcinoma of head, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Brain tumors, Warts.'
Interactions
Bleomycin is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:DrugDetailsSeverityOnsetManagementAscorbic AcidCisplatinIncreased pulmonary toxicity when Bleomycin given with Cisplatin.Cisplatin reduces renal elimination of Bleomycin and increases drug toxicity.ClozapineADVICE: Avoid concomitant use of cytotoxics (e.g Bleomycin) with Clozapine (increased risk of agranulocytosis).FilgrastimCoadministration is not recommended because hematopoietic growth factors stimulate myeloid cell poliferation while cytotoxic agents target rapidly dividing cell.Leads to pulmonary toxicity.ModerateFilgrastim should not be used within 24 hours before or 24 hours after bleomycin.FosphenytoinOxygenPhenytoin (Na)Bleomycin reduces absorption of Phenytoin.Retinol (Vitamin A)bleomycin decrease absorption of RetinolRotavirus vaccineThe administration of live, attenuated virus or bacterial vaccines during immunosuppressant or intense antineoplastic therapy may be associated with a risk of disseminated infection due to enhanced replication of vaccine virus or bacteria in the presence of diminished immune competence. Patients may be immunosuppressed if they have recently received Bleomycin.MajorIn general, live virus or bacterial vaccines should not be used in patients receiving Bleomycin. These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.
Interfrence
Risks
Drug should not be given to Paediatrics, Pregnant Mothers, patients suffering from Liver Malfunction, Geriatrics, and Neonates.If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Storage
Inj Protect from Sunlight.
Warnings
Bleomycin should be used with caution in patients with kidney, liver or lungs diseases. Before having surgery of any kind or emergency treatment, inform the doctor or dentist about the use of the drug. This medication is not recommended for use in pregnant or nursing women.
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